Evaluation of Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Quality of Toned Milk Available in Bangladesh Market

Changes in some soil properties due to tillage practices in rainfed hardsetting Alfisols and irrigated Vertisols of eastern Australia

Early solar system processes and the present solar system

The increase in public consumption of coffee has resulted in an increase in wasted coffee grounds. Coffee grounds have good content for the skin, so they can be reused as a basic ingredient in soap-making. In the soap making process, the mixing and framing stages can affect the quality of the soap. This study aims to determine the effect of mixing time of 24.5 minutes, 25 minutes, and 25.5 minutes as well as framing time of 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days on the physical and chemical quality of solid soap made from coffee grounds. The physical quality parameters observed are colour, texture, cracking, and foam power. The chemical quality parameters are foam stability, pH, moisture content, and free alkali. The method used was the questionnaire method followed by statistical analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test for physical quality tests and the experimental method followed by statistical analysis using the Two-Way ANOVA test for chemical quality tests. The results showed that all variations in mixing time and framing time had an effect on the physical and chemical quality of solid soap and there were significant differences. The panellists assessed the physical quality of the soap to be attractive, hard, with no cracks, and foamy, while the results of the chemical quality test, the soap produced is safe to use by the quality standards of solid soap with a foam stability range of 82%-97%, pH 10.3-11.8, moisture content 6%-14%, and alkali free 0.03%-0.09%.

Chemical and physical flaxseed properties can be altered by Brazilian edaphoclimatic and soil management conditions. The study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of reddish-brown and golden-yellow flaxseeds produced in a conservation management system (i.e., with low agricultural inputs) in Dourados, MS, Midwest region, Brazil. The experiment design was carried out in random blocks, with three repetitions. Significance in difference between two groups were tested by Student t test at 5%. The reddish-brown and golden-yellow flaxseed from Midwest, cultivated under a conservation management system, exhibited similar physical and chemical patterns. However, the reddish-brown flaxseed had a higher hundred seed mass, width, length, color parameters (luminosity, chromaticity, and color angle), neutral detergent fiber contents, phenolic compounds, and stearic and oleic acids than the golden-yellow flaxseed. The flaxseeds produced in the conservationist management system showed the same grain physical and chemical quality as the international and national grains produced in the conventional management system, described in the literature. Our results corroborate the future incentives for increasingly sustainable production while searching for greater eco-efficiency and food security. Thus, the flaxseed cultivated in a conservationist management system has potential to be an economical alternative for all farmers.

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of Balinese beef from Slaughterhouses (RPH) with different management in Denpasar City and Badung Regency as abattoirs that supply most of Bali beef on the island of Bali. The material used was male Bali beef in the Longisimus Dorsi (LD) muscle which was cut at three different abattoirs. The RPH are UPT RPH Mambal, UPT RPH Pesanggaran and RPH belonging to the community of RPH Darmasaba in Banjar Bersih Darmasaba Village. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments where three abattoirs were treated and each treatment consisted of 10 repetitions of Bali beef cuts. The variables sought in this study were physical quality variables, namely pH, color, water holding capacity, and meat cooking loss. Chemical quality variables are meat moisture content, protein content, fat content and ash content. Meat microbiological variables were TPC, colliform, e-coli and salmonella. The results showed that the physical quality of Bali beef slaughtered at the Darmasaba RPH had the lowest physical quality compared to the Mambal and Pesanggaran abattoirs, especially on the pH and meat color variables. The chemical quality of Bali beef slaughtered at the three abattoirs had no significant difference in water content, protein content, and ash content. The total plate count, coliform was below the SNI threshold while e-coli was not identified and salmonella was negative.

Spirulina is a species of blue green algae that contains many phenolic compounds, phytonutrients and pigments which have potential as a feed additives to improve the physical and chemical quality of eggs. The present study evaluated the effect of spirulina flour-based feed additive supplementation during the late growth to the early egg-laying period on Tegal-laying ducks' physical and chemical egg quality. A total of 25 ducks were randomly divided into 5 treatments; the control group treated with standard feed (P0), P1, P2, P3, and P4 were treated with standard feed supplemented by spirulina flour-based feed additive at concentrations of 0.3%, 0.6%,1.2%, and 2.4%, respectively for four weeks. Physical quality indicators included the Haugh unit, yolk index, weight measurements, eggshell thickness, and shape index. Chemical quality indicators assessed albumen protein content, egg yolk cholesterol, and b-carotene levels. This research revealed that spirulina flour, added at concentrations between 0.30% and 2.40%, significantly enhanced the egg quality of Tegal-laying ducks compared to the control group. This study concludes that spirulina flour can be used as a feed additive to improve the physical and chemical quality of Tegal-laying ducks’ egg. The novelty of this research is spirulina flour has the potential to be used as a feed additive to increases the albumen protein levels, increases b-carotene, and reduces egg yolk cholesterol in eggs of Tegal-laying ducks. Spirulina flour can be a potential source of feed additive for various other local ducks in Indonesia.

Taste becomes an important parameter in the delivery of a chewable tablet, primarily aimed for childrens. The purpose of this study is to mask the bitter taste and create dimenhydrinate chewable tabletas motion sickness drug that meet the physical and chemical quality. The method used to mask the bitter taste of dimenhydrinate is inclusion complexes with I²-cyclodextrin in spray drying. Inclusion complex powders evaluation included flowcity and water content, and characterized by infrared spectrophotometry and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). Inclusion complex powders was made into chewable tablet with direct compression method. Chewable tablet was evaluated including tablets concentration (94.33-106,47%), the diversity of weights (85-115%), tablets diameter (1.013 cm), tablets thickness (0.49 cm), hardness (3.75-4.58 kg/cm 2) , friability (2,98-3,42%,). Dimenhydrinate chewable tablet taste test were statistically analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis which results a significant differences of the bitter taste that masked among the five molar concentration differences of dimenhydrinate and I²-cyclodextrine. The higher molar ratio of I²-cyclodextrin (0,5-3) used, has the better result for masking the bitterness of dimenhydrinate. The used of I²-cyclodextrin with the ratio in five molar concentration differences can not optimally mask the bitter taste of dimenhydrinate. Chewable tablet of formula IV has met the best physical and chemical quality. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE Taste becomes an important parameter in the delivery of a chewable tablet, primarily aimed for childrens. The purpose of this study is to mask the bitter taste and create dimenhydrinate chewable tabletas motion sickness drug that meet the physical and chemical quality. The method used to mask the bitter taste of dimenhydrinate is inclusion complexes with I²-cyclodextrin in spray drying. Inclusion complex powders evaluation included flowcity and water content, and characterized by infrared spectrophotometry and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). Inclusion complex powders was made into chewable tablet with direct compression method. Chewable tablet was evaluated including tablets concentration (94.33-106,47%), the diversity of weights (85-115%), tablets diameter (1.013 cm), tablets thickness (0.49 cm), hardness (3.75-4.58 kg/cm 2) , friability (2,98-3,42%,). Dimenhydrinate chewable tablet taste test were statistically analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis which results a significant differences of the bitter taste that masked among the five molar concentration differences of dimenhydrinate and I²-cyclodextrine. The higher molar ratio of I²-cyclodextrin (0,5-3) used, has the better result for masking the bitterness of dimenhydrinate. The used of I²-cyclodextrin with the ratio in five molar concentration differences can not optimally mask the bitter taste of dimenhydrinate. Chewable tablet of formula IV has met the best physical and chemical quality. Taste becomes an important parameter in the delivery of a chewable tablet, primarily aimed for childrens. The purpose of this study is to mask the bitter taste and create dimenhydrinate chewable tabletas motion sickness drug that meet the physical and chemical quality. The method used to mask the bitter taste of dimenhydrinate is inclusion complexes with I²-cyclodextrin in spray drying. Inclusion complex powders evaluation included flowcity and water content, and characterized by infrared spectrophotometry and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). Inclusion complex powders was made into chewable tablet with direct compression method. Chewable tablet was evaluated including tablets concentration (94.33-106,47%), the diversity of weights (85-115%), tablets diameter (1.013 cm), tablets thickness (0.49 cm), hardness (3.75-4.58 kg/cm 2) , friability (2,98-3,42%,). Dimenhydrinate chewable tablet taste test were statistically analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis which results a significant differences of the bitter taste that masked among the five molar concentration differences of dimenhydrinate and I²-cyclodextrine. The higher molar ratio of I²-cyclodextrin (0,5-3) used, has the better result for masking the bitterness of dimenhydrinate. The used of I²-cyclodextrin with the ratio in five molar concentration differences can not optimally mask the bitter taste of dimenhydrinate. Chewable tablet of formula IV has met the best physical and chemical quality. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

The objective of this research is utilization of cassava by-products as complete ration on physical and chemical meat quality of weaning male of crossbred Landrace pigs. This research was conducted at Desa Rumah Mbacang Pancur Batu from April to June 2019. The research used completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 2 replications. The treatments compose of P0 (without cassava by-products), P1 (with 20% cassava by-products), P2 (with 40% cassava by-products) and P3 (with 60% cassava by-products). The variables were observed consist of physical quality (pH value, water holding capacity, cooking loss and color) and chemical quality (water content, fat content and protein content). The results showed that the best pH value on P1 (5.00), the best water holding capacity on P1 (51.32%), best cooking loss on P1 (44.99%), the best color on P1 (1.50), the best water content on P1 (78.11%), the best fat content on P1 (3.84%) and the best protein content on P1 (21.72%). It was concluded that the use of cassava by-products in complete feed for pigs should not exceed 20%.

Sustainable agriculture is one of the most important strategies to overcome world hunger and food shortage. Soil deterioration due to mismanagement seems to be a major obstacle against achieving these goals. The present study aimed at assessing the physical and chemical quality of the soils in El-Menoufia Governorate for the cultivation of wheat which is commonly practiced. Seventeen soil profiles were selected to represent El-Menoufia Governorate soils in addition to 120 surface soil samples. Twelve physical and chemical soil parameters were chosen to evaluate soil quality including; soil salinity, exchangeable sodium, calcium carbonates content, pH, drainage, soil texture, depth, topography, surface stoniness, hardpan depth, hydraulic conductivity, and water holding capacity . Results showed variations among values of different parameters and localities. Interpolated thematic maps were produced for quantitative variables. Soil chemical quality index (CQI) and physical quality index (PQI) were calculated from the twelve investigated soil parameters. Results showed that El-Menoufia Governorate could be classified into two classes according to the physical quality measures (high and moderate), while results of chemical quality index revealed three categories (high, moderate and low). Over 85% of the soil of Menoufia governorate is of high physical quality while more than 89% is of moderate chemical quality for wheat cultivation according to both physical and chemical parameters. The results of this study are useful in planning land use management.

The aimed of this study was to determine the physical (durability) and chemical quality of forage feed pellets with different raw materials and compositions. This study used two (2) weed raw materials with different forms, namely in the form of fresh and in the form of hay that has been milled. Each raw material was formulated and processed in the same way, a mixture of forage and rice bran, consisted of 90%: 20% and 80%: 20% (calculated based on dry matter, mixed in as fed), pelleted, then dried in the sunshine. Each treatment has three (3) replications. Dried forage pellets were tested with the PDI (pellet durability index) test and chemical quality test (proximate) in the Forage and Pasture Science Laboratory. The experimental design used a Randomized Completely Block Design where there were blocks of material types and blocks of material composition. The variables observed were physical quality in the form of PDI and chemical quality in the form of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), extract ether (EE) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The data were statistically analysed with program SPSS version 26. If there was a significant difference, it was continued with the least significant different (LSD) test. The conclusion of this study was that the physical quality of forage pellets (PDI number) made from weed (Synedrella nodiflora) or Legetan was affected by composition, but neither hay nor fresh weed material affected its quality. The type of raw material in the form of hay and fresh affects the chemical quality of forage pellets in the form of DM, OM, CP, CF and NFE, but does not affect EE. EE was influenced by the composition of the pellets

<p class="Default">This study aims to determine differences of production, the physical quality and chemical quality of dairy cattle mastitis patients before and after treatment with antibiotics penicillin-streptomycin. This research was conducted in farmer group (KTT) Subur Makmur, Banyuanyar Village, District Ampel, Boyolali. The material used is 15 cows PFH suffering from mastitis in lactation period 3rd trimester, aged 3 to 5 years. Combinations of antibiotics used is penicillin G 3 grams of mixed powder injection streptomycin sulfate injection of 1 gram powder is then dissolved with aquadestilata until volume of 15 ml. Antibiotics do 1<br /> times a day for 5 days intramuscularly and intramammae. This research was carried out experimentally with two treatments and 15 replications. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test (paired sample t-test). The analysis showed highly significant (P<0,01) on milk production, protein content, lactose, fat, nonfat dry (BKTL) and the Californian Mastitis Test (CMT), significant differences (P<0,05) pH, color, smell and consistency as well as the difference was not significant (P>0,05) against density. The conclusion of this research is the treatment of penicillin-streptomycin antibiotic use in dairy cows mastitis patients effectively improve the production, chemical quality and physical qualities but can not improve the density of milk.</p><p class="Default"><br /> Keywords: mastitis, production, physical quality, chemical and bacteriological quality, milk, penicillin, streptomycin</p>

<p class="Default">This study aims to determine differences of production, the physical quality and chemical quality of dairy cattle mastitis patients before and after treatment with antibiotics penicillin-streptomycin. This research was conducted in farmer group (KTT) Subur Makmur, Banyuanyar Village, District Ampel, Boyolali. The material used is 15 cows PFH suffering from mastitis in lactation period 3rd trimester, aged 3 to 5 years. Combinations of antibiotics used is penicillin G 3 grams of mixed powder injection streptomycin sulfate injection of 1 gram powder is then dissolved with aquadestilata until volume of 15 ml. Antibiotics do 1<br /> times a day for 5 days intramuscularly and intramammae. This research was carried out experimentally with two treatments and 15 replications. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test (paired sample t-test). The analysis showed highly significant (P<0,01) on milk production, protein content, lactose, fat, nonfat dry (BKTL) and the Californian Mastitis Test (CMT), significant differences (P<0,05) pH, color, smell and consistency as well as the difference was not significant (P>0,05) against density. The conclusion of this research is the treatment of penicillin-streptomycin antibiotic use in dairy cows mastitis patients effectively improve the production, chemical quality and physical qualities but can not improve the density of milk.</p><p class="Default"><br /> Keywords: mastitis, production, physical quality, chemical and bacteriological quality, milk, penicillin, streptomycin</p>

The objective was to analyze the physical, chemical, and biological water quality in horticulture irrigation systems in 24 ornamental plant greenhouses and nurseries in the United States. At each greenhouse or nursery, water was collected from up to five points (“Sample Types”) which included 1) “Source” from municipal or private well supplies, 2) “Tank” from enclosed storage containers, 3) “Subirrigation” from water applied to crops in ebb-and-flood systems, 4) “Furthest Outlet” that were irrigation emitters most distant from the Source, and 5) “Catchment Basin” from open outdoor retention areas. On average, Source water had the highest physical and microbial quality of Sample Types including the highest ultraviolet (UV) light transmission at 86%, lowest total suspended solids (TSS) at 3.1 mg·L −1 , and lowest density of aerobic bacteria with 1108 cfu/mL of water. Average quality of recycled water from Subirrigation or Catchment Basins did not meet recommended levels for horticultural irrigation water for UV transmission (68% to 72% compared with recommended 75%), microbial counts (>100,000 cfu/mL compared with recommended <10,000 cfu/mL), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (48.2 to 61.3 mg·L −1 compared with recommended <30 mg·L −1 ). Irrigation water stored in Tanks or applied at Furthest Outlets had lower physical and biological water quality compared with Source water. Level of aerobic bacteria counts highlighted a risk of clogged microirrigation emitters from microbial contaminants, with highest bacteria levels in recirculated irrigation water. The physical, chemical, and microbial water quality results indicate a need for more effective water treatment to improve biological water quality, particularly with recirculated irrigation.

The effect of water mimmosa addition on the physical and chemical quality of Bento Rayap grass haylage was evaluated. The haylage material was fermented for 21 days and the physical quality of the resulting product was analyzed through organoleptic test and proximate analysis. Research variables consist of several treatments i.e. A0 (100% Bento Rayap grass), A1 (90% Bento Rayap grass + 10% water mimmosa), A2 (80% Bento Rayap grass + 20% water mimmosa) and A3 (70% Bento Rayap grass + 30% water mimmosa). The parameters observed were (1) physical quality includes color, aroma, texture, fungus and temperature while (2) chemical quality includes dry matter (DM) content, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), and acidity (pH). The analysis result shows the addition of water mimmosa improved the physical quality of haylage from Bento grass. Water mimmosa addition also affects the chemical quality of Bento grass haylage confirmed by variance analysis result which gave statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The property affected were DM, OM, CP, CF and pH. It was concluded that the addition of water mimmosa improved the physical and chemical quality of Bento Rayap grass haylage.

&lt;p&gt;The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of turmeric powder supplementation to the age of sexual maturity, physical, and chemical quality of the first Japanese quail’s (Coturnix japonica) egg. Forty five quails were assigned into a completely randomized design with three treatments (levels of turmeric powder, i.e., 0; 54; and 108 mg/quail/day) and each treatment used 15 quails. Turmeric powder supplementation was conducted before sexual maturity. Feed and drinking water provided ad libitum. Observed egg is an egg that was first produced. Parameters measured were the age of sexual maturity, feed intake, body weight, physical qualities which include: weight of egg, long axis, short axis, weight and thickness of shell, yolk index, Haugh unit, egg shell index. Whereas the observed chemical quality were cholesterol, HDL, LDL, protein, vitamin B12, vitamin A in eggs and egg shell calcium levels. The results showed that administration of turmeric powder can accelerate the age of maturity, increasing the levels of protein, HDL, vitamin A and B12 in eggs, decreasing the cholesterol and LDL content in eggs, but did not affect feed intake, physical quality of eggs and egg shell calcium levels. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that supplementation of turmeric powder improve the chemical quality of Japanese quail eggs (Coturnix japonica), so it is good for the development of quail embryos as well as for consumption.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to Cite&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Saraswati, T. R., &amp;amp; Tana, S. (2016). Effect of Turmeric Powder Supplementation To The Age of Sexual Maturity, Physical, and Chemical Quality of The First Japanese Quail’s (Coturnix japonica) Egg. &lt;em&gt;Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp;amp; Biology Education&lt;/em&gt;, 8(1), 18-24.&lt;/p&gt;