Abstract
The aqueous extracts of different parts (old leaves (OL), young leaves (YL), peels (PE) and delipidated seed residues (DS)) of three varieties of papaya are studied. Extraction conditions are optimized: an extraction time of 20 minutes, a temperature of 70°C and a plant material/water mixture of 1% give the best yield of polyphenol. The amount of polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins and proanthocyanins of each aqueous extract was investigated. Antioxidant activities are measured using two different methods (DPPH and ABTS). The delipidated seeds (DS) of V1 have the highest total phenolic content (TPC = 72.56 ± 3.16 mg GAE/g) while they have the lowest total flavonoid content (TFC = 0.22 ± 0.01). With regard to saponins, the PE of V3 is much richer in saponins (194.03 ± 15.78 mg AeE/g) than all the other extracts studied. The OL of V2 and PE of V1 contain the most proanthocyanidins with very similar values of 2.51 ± 0.03 mg CE/g and 2.53 ± 0.34 mg CE/g respectively. The study of the antioxidant activities of the extracts showed a correlation between the amount of polyphenols and IC50. DPPH OL and YL V2, which are rich in polyphenols, have the lowest IC50 of 0.072 mg/ml and 0.080 mg/ml respectively, whereas for ABTS we have PE of V1 that is very rich in polyphenols which has the smallest IC50 value of 0.218 mg/ml.
Highlights
Metabolic and respiration processes generate oxidation reactions in living
DPPH OL and young leaves (YL) V2, which are rich in polyphenols, have the lowest IC50 of 0.072 mg/ml and 0.080 mg/ml respectively, whereas for ABTS we have PE of V1 that is very rich in polyphenols which has the smallest IC50 value of 0.218 mg/ml
It shows that the temperature, the time and the ratio parameters have an influence on the yield of the extraction of polyphenols during the aqueous extraction of papaya leaves
Summary
Metabolic and respiration processes generate oxidation reactions in living. During these metabolic reactions, the use of oxygen can require highly reactive oxygen forms (ROS) such as free radicals or peroxidised ( O.2− , HO., H2O2, ONOO−, 1O2, ROOH, NO) [1]. Since the process of onset of ROS is natural, one must try to control their concentrations in the human body in particular For this purpose it is necessary to provide supplements able to neutralize them without generating harmful species. Only fruits and vegetables were consumed for their bioactive components but investigations showed that other organs of the plant (leaves, bark, peelings, roots...) can contain bioactive chemical species, in particular polyphenolic compounds [24] [25] [26] These organs which constituted a problem of waste management can be used advantageously to extract the bioactive species which have a rather important added value. The seeds are used in the treatment of ulcers [28], diabetes [29], hypertension [30], hypercholesterolemia [31] and liver diseases
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