Abstract
Several procedures for speech communications under extremely unfavorable speech-to-noise ratios were examined. Communications performance was evaluated in terms of the proportion of items correctly received for a given time utilization of the channel. For message sources of fixed information, a message procedure based on the principle of successive selections among a small number of alternatives, was strikingly superior to a message procedure based upon the principle of repeating an item selected from among a larger number of alternatives. However, the advantage of the former procedure is not entirely the result of restricting the number of alternatives per selection; a message procedure which simply employs different words but which does not restrict the alternatives per selection (e.g., “5, 6, 7” vs “7, 7, 7,” where 7 is the target word) often approaches the effectiveness of the message procedure which restricts the alternatives per selection.
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