Abstract
Drainage conditions are supposed to have significant influence on sand liquefaction behavior. An infiltration device was utilized in cyclic triaxial tests to reproduce different drainage conditions by altering dry density of the within silt. Permeability coefficient ratio (kp) was utilized for quantifying the drainage boundary effect. Cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on saturated Fujian standard sand samples. Test results were used to evaluate the liquefaction potential by using the energy approach. It can be concluded that, if kp increases slightly bigger than zero, excess pore water pressure (EPWP) will respond more fiercely, and the dissipated energy that triggers sand liquefaction will be less. By considering kp, an energy-based database was built by taking kp into consideration and different neural network (NN) models were constructed to predict liquefaction potential by energy approaches accurately under different drainage boundary conditions. It was suggested that the neuro-fuzzy (NF)-based NN model has more satisfactory performance.
Highlights
Earthquakes and associated aftershocks may cause liquefaction in sand sediments, which can cause substantial damage—for example, excessive settlement and tilt of foundations, bearing capacity failure, failure of offshore embankment, and slope engineering [1,2].Drainage conditions refer to permeability of soil sediments, drainage path, and drainage boundary conditions
Soil sediments used to be supposed at an undrained state in an earthquake, because the liquefaction occurred rapidly and pore water pressure can hardly dissipate in a short duration of loading
It is inferred that the drainage condition is not critically undrained with longer duration of earthquake loading, larger permeability of sand sediments, and better drainage boundary condition
Summary
Earthquakes and associated aftershocks may cause liquefaction in sand sediments, which can cause substantial damage—for example, excessive settlement and tilt of foundations, bearing capacity failure, failure of offshore embankment, and slope engineering [1,2]. Several research studies have been carried out to investigate the liquefaction potential and EPWP response in sand sediments under different drainage conditions [3,4,5,6,7]. The pore pressure was measured at the top and bottom of sand samples to make sure no hydraulic gradient is within the specimen They introduced parameters to consider the drainage effect, which is a function of soil permeability coefficient, the length of drainage path, and the loading frequency. The result showed that the NF-based model had high accuracy, and the relationship among input and output parameters was obvious This energy-based liquefaction potential evaluation research did not consider the effect of drainage boundaries. To evaluate sand liquefaction potential, an energy-based database was built, and different NN models were constructed
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