Evaluation of learning and memory enhancing activities of protein extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in Wistar albino rats

Abstract

Background: Learning may be defined as the ability to alter behavior on the basis of experience. Memory is the process of remembering what has been learnt. Memory loss is the first symptom to manifest in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, the drugs used in Alzheimer’s are either associated with side effects or they lack disease modifying effect. Ashwagandha is a rasayana (rejuvenative) and possesses antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity (free radicals are produced during the initiation and progression of AD). Hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the learning and memory enhancing effect of protein extract of Withania somnifera in Wistar albino rats. Methods: In the present study, Wistar albino rats were given 200mg/kg dose of protein extracts of Withania somnifera orally along with scopolamine (i.p) for 14 days. Rats were subjected to elevate plus maze and passive avoidance testing on 14th day to evaluate learning. Same models were repeated on 15th day to evaluate retention (memory). The results were compared with the negative control group treated with scopolamine only and positive control group treated with scopolamine and piracetam. Results: Significant learning and memory enhancement was observed with the protein extract of Withania somnifera as compared to negative and positive control groups with p value <0.05. Conclusions: We conclude that the protein extract of Withania somnifera is having learning and memory enhancing activity in Wistar albino rats.