Abstract
Flood is a common feature in rapidly urbanizing Dhaka city and its surrounding areas. In this research, evaluation of flood risk of Greater Dhaka in Bangladesh has been developed by using an integrated approach of GIS and remote sensing. The objective of the study is to measure the flooding risk based on the satellite data and geomorphological land classification map under the land use/land cover change from 1995 to 2015 related with the urbanization of Dhaka city. Comparing with each landform, land cover unit and historical rainfall data the flooding return period has been calculated. Terrace, natural levee and back swamp has been divided into three sub categories. Especially the built-up zone which is closer to the river channel, former river course and the back swamps are mostly vulnerable to flood inundation. This study revealed that, 70% of Greater Dhaka district within moderate to very high hazard zone, especially surrounding city like Manikganj Sadar Upazila areas. It is expected that, this study could contribute to effective flood forecasting, relief and emergency management for future flood event.
Highlights
Because of unique geographic location, Bangladesh is one of the most disaster prone country in the world [1]
The objective of the study is to measure the flooding risk based on the satellite data and geomorphological land classification map under the land use/land cover change from 1995 to 2015 related with the urbanization of Dhaka city
This study revealed that, 70% of Greater Dhaka district within moderate to very high hazard zone, especially surrounding city like Manikganj Sadar Upazila areas
Summary
Because of unique geographic location, Bangladesh is one of the most disaster prone country in the world [1]. Among all natural disasters in Bangladesh, flood is the preeminent one. Every year a large portion of the country becomes flooded due to heavy rainfall and spilling water from the major rivers. The country lies on the downstream part of three major river basins: Brahmaputra, Ganges and Meghna and is frequently. Floods of unusually large magnitude and long duration happen in the country affecting the majority of the population of Dhaka city and severely disrupting the socio-economic activities. The flood damage potential in Bangladesh is increasing due to the possible causes of climate change, urban concentration in the three river basins, encroaching of settlements into flood prone areas [3]
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