Evaluation of Farmers Markets in Selected Counties in Washington State: an Analysis of Accessibility, Location, and Product Selection

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Farmers markets (FM) may be able to bridge the gap between food insecurity (experienced by 12% of Washingtonians) and access to nutritionally sufficient foods by accepting programs such as supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits (SNAP) and Fresh Bucks (matching incentive program). These programs have potential to make FM produce affordable to all. This study intends to identify the perspectives of Washington (WA) FM shoppers regarding access, atmosphere, and prices and selection of produce at the FM. This research located WA FMs in low-income and low food access areas, and assessed activity and perspectives of populations using FMs. Methods Identified FMs in interest areas of WA using mapping tools (PolicyMap, USDA ERS data map). Shoppers at 16 FMs participated in public dot surveys using stickers to answer questions centered around awareness, access, and perspective of the market and the products offered by placing stickers on predetermined answers. Shoppers were asked to participate in an anonymous ballot survey (Likert scale) with more sensitive questions on perspectives of the market and the shoppers’ food security status. Results Sixteen FMs were identified in eleven cities in WA that accept SNAP benefits and are located in or near low food access and low-income areas of WA. At least 30 ballots were distributed at each market; the range of ballots returned was 9 to 36 ballots. Respondents were asked how they learned of the market in the dot survey: 35.6% responded “word of mouth,” 34.6% answered “drive/walk by,” and 10.5% learned via an advertisement. When asked if respondents had experience with food insecurity, 20% of respondents answered “yes.” Of this subpopulation, 45% perceived produce at FMs to be more expensive than produce at supermarkets and 81.7% reported feeling a sense of community at the FM. Conclusions Most respondents learned about the FM via word of mouth or by physically passing the market; lack of awareness of the FM may lead to a lack of access to the FM. Shoppers perceived FM products to be pricier than produce at conventional markets; however, FM shoppers with food insecurity experience still chose to shop at FMs and most of this subpopulation indicated feeling a sense of community at the FM. Funding Sources Supported by Bastyr University Faculty Student Research Grant.