Evaluation of different microalgal diets on feeding efficiency, growth performance, proximate composition, fatty acid composition, and digestive enzyme activities in juvenile Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum)

The effects of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) on growth performance, activities of digestive enzymes, and intestinal microflora of Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis were investigated by adding different concentrations of XOS in the diet of juvenile P. sinensis. The turtles with an average initial bodyweight of 12.26±0.32 g were randomly divided into five groups, which were fed with diets containing 0 mg/kg (control), 50 mg/kg (Trial I), 100 mg/kg (Trial II), 200 mg/kg (Trial III), and 500 mg/kg (Trial IV) XOS product (95%), respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 30 days. Indices described above were determined at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the diet supplemented with XOS could enhance the growth of P. sinensis, and the growth rate of Trial III was the highest. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the trials was lower than that of the control. All the trials had higher activities of intestinal digestive enzymes than the control. The amylase activity of Trial II was the highest and was significantly different from that of the control, while the protease activity of the trials was not significantly but slightly higher than that of the control. The numbers of total aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteria of all the trials were significantly lower than those of the control. The number of Bifidobacteria of Trial II ranked the largest, significantly higher than that of the control, whereas the number of Bifidobacteria of all the other trials was higher but not more significant than that of the control. The results demonstrated that XOS supplementation in the diet of P. sinensis could enhance its growth and decrease FCR. Furthermore, it could enhance activities of intestinal protease and amylase and optimize its intestinal microflora. The recommended supplemental concentration of XOS in the diet of Juvenile P. sinensis should be 100–200 mg/kg.

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal protein with fermented soybean meal (FSM) on the growth performance, feed utilization, amino acid profile, body composition, morphological parameters, activity of antioxidant and digestive enzymes of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) juvenile. Five isonitrogenic and isolipidic diets were prepared with levels of 0 (control), 80, 160, 240 and 320 g kg 1 FSM. Triplicate groups (40 fish per tank) of juvenile black sea bream with initial weight of 1.17 ± 0.04 g were hand-fed to visual satiation at three meals per day for 8 weeks. The fish fed diets containing different levels of FSM had no significant differences regarding survival and specific growth rate compared with control group. Feed and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed diet containing 320 g kg 1 FSM were significantly lower than those of control group. Daily feed intake and daily protein intake of fish fed diet containing 240–320 g kg 1 were significantly higher than those of control group. Hepatosomatic index and condition factor of fish were not affected by different dietary FSM level. Fish fed diets containing 240–320 g kg 1 FSM had significantly higher visceral somatic index than control group. Whole body proximate and amino acid compositions of fish were not affected by dietary FSM level. The activity of digestive enzymes in the intestine was not affected by dietary FSM level. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver was significantly higher for fish fed the diet containing 160 g kg 1 FSM compared with control group. This study showed that up to 40% fish meal in the diets of juvenile black sea bream could be replaced by fermented soybean meal with supplementation of methionine, lysine and taurine.

Effect of probiotics for common carp ( Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities

The experiment was conducted to examine effects of different doses of B. subtilis probiotic supplementation in feed on protein digestibility, growth and activity of digestive enzymes of P. javanicus on intensive farming system. P. javanicus fingerlings used as test animals. The treatments were B. subtilis probiotic on feed. Those were treatments A (0 CFU g-1 feed), B (0.75 x 107 CFU g-1 feed), C (1.50 x 107 CFU g-1 feed) and D (2.25 x 107 CFU g-1 feed). Observed parameters were protein digestibility (ADCP), efficiency of feed utilization (EFU), ratio of feed conversion (FCR), ratio of protein efficiency (PER), relative growth rate (RGR), survival rate (SR), digestive enzymes activity and quality of water. The result showed that supplementation of B. subtilis on feeds significantly (P≤0.05) affected ADCP, EFU, FCR, PER, RGR, SR and digestive enzyme activities. The experiment was conducted under the viable water quality. The optimum supplementation dose of B. subtilis was 1.50 x 107 CFU g-1 feed resulted in the highest value of ADCP (75.28%), EFU (74.06%), FCR (1.52), PER (3.78), RGR (3.23% / day), SR (98.33%) and digestive enzymes (protease and amylase) activities were 4.32, 3.42 U g-1 protein, respectively. Key words: probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, growth performance, Puntius javanicus.

The use of probiotics has become an alternative in the aquaculture industry and is considered a new tool for disease control. However, the maintenance of viability of probiotic bacterial cells during storage is quite challenging. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of euryhaline probiotic and paraprobiotic B. cereus BR2 on African catfish, specifically on growth performance, gastrointestinal health, immune-related gene expression, and resistance to E. tarda ETS1.1. The test feed was enriched with a 1% (w/w) dose of probiotics and paraprobiotics at a cells density of 108 and 1010 CFU mL− 1, each with replications. For diet supplementation experiment, African catfish fry with initial average body weight of 6.67 ± 0.34 g were randomly placed into six aquaria containing 60 L volume of freshwater and reared for 30 days. Afterwards, fish were challenged intraperitoneally on day 31− th with E. tarda ETS1.1 at cell density of 107 CFU mL− 1, and reared for 14 days. The results showed that diets treated with probiotics and paraprobiotics 108 and 1010 CFU mL− 1 significantly (p < 0.05) increased mean final weight, mean final biomass, specific growth rate (SGR), disease resistance (survival rate) and reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) values. Digestive enzyme (amylase, protease, lipase) activities, total bacterial population and abundance of B. cereus BR2 in the intestine were measured higher in supplementation treatments than control fish. After the challenge test, decreased E. tarda ETS1.1 abundance in kidney and liver of fish were measured in both probiotic and paraprobiotic treatments. Furthermore, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) gene expression showed upregulation in fish after treatment. Similarly, major histocompatibility complex 2β (MHC-2β) expression was significantly upregulated after supplementation and post-challenge, with the highest level of MHC-2β mRNA expression found in DPI 7. The supplementation of probiotic and paraprobiotic B. cereus BR2 per oral effectively improved growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, immune-related gene expression, resistance of African catfish to E. tarda ETS1.1.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary replacement of fish meal with cricket meal on growth performance, proximate composition, digestive enzyme activities, serum biochemical indices and antioxidant capacity in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with dietary 0%, 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% fishmeal (FM) replaced by cricket meal (namely, T0, T15, T30, T45 and T60, respectively). Largemouth bass (LMB) was reared in an indoor for 8 weeks. The results showed that the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and viscerosomatic index in fish fed T15, T30 and T45 had no significant differences compared to fish fed T0 (p > 0.05). The FBW, WGR and SGR in fish fed T60 were significantly lower than that in fish fed T0 (p < 0.05). There are no significantly different in the hepatosomatic index, condition factor and survival rate among all the groups. The content of crude protein in whole fish was significantly lower in fish fed T60 compared to fish fed T0 (p < 0.05). The content of crude lipid was observed to be significantly higher in fish fed T60 compared to fish fed T0 (p < 0.05). The trypsin activity was significantly lower in fish fed T60 (p < 0.05). Muscle content of methionine significantly declined as dietary cricket meal concentrations increased. The activity of triglyceride and total cholesterol in fish fed T60 was significantly higher than that in fish fed T0 (p < 0.05). The activity of catalase was significantly higher in fish fed T30, T45 and T60 (p < 0.05). It was concluded that up to 45% of cricket meal can replace FM in diets for the growth of LMB and further studies on methionine adequacy should be conducted.

This study verified the effects of feeding frequency on growth, blood metabolites, digestive enzyme activities (alkaline protease, acid protease, amylase and lipase) and proximate composition of Lebranche mullet juveniles. Fish with initial weight of 13.6 ± 0.7 g were distributed in twelve tanks and fed one, three, five and seven times per day to apparent satiation for 60 days. While the final weight of fish fed only once a day attained just 15.4 ± 0.7 g, those fed five or seven times per day reached 54.0 ± 12.1 and 55.9 ± 6.1 g respectively. The feed consumption also increased at high frequencies, but feed efficiency was higher (76.7 ± 11.7%) when mullets were fed three times per day. In general, increasing feeding frequencies also increased blood content of metabolites (total protein, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol), possibly due to increased intake and absorption of nutrients. The response of digestive enzymes correlated with feeding efficiency, with higher activity in fish fed three or five times per day. Concerning whole-body proximate composition, no significant difference was observed in protein, but lipid content increased significantly with feed frequency. Based on growth performance and biochemical responses, we recommend feeding Lebranche mullet juveniles three to five times per day.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 不同饵料对美洲西鲱仔鱼生长、相关酶活力及体脂肪酸的影响 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国海洋大学水产学院, 山东 青岛 266003;2. 中国水产科学研究院 黄海水产研究所, 农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;3. 江苏中洋集团, 江苏 南通 226600 作者简介: 刘志峰(1987-),男,博士研究生,研究方向为鱼类繁育与生理.E-mail:miqinger@126.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S963 基金项目: 国家工程技术研究中心培育点项目（BM2013012）；青岛博士后应用研究项目（Q51201611）. Effects of different diets on growth performance, enzyme activity, and body fatty acid composition in larval American shad (Alosa sapidissima) Author: Affiliation: 1. Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3. Jiangsu Zhongyang Group, Nantong 226600, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以美洲西鲱（Artemia）、单独投喂微颗粒饲料、卤虫与微颗粒饲料混合投喂]，分析不同饵料的投喂对存活、生长、消化酶活性、非特异性免疫相关酶活性以及体脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明：（1）混合投喂组的存活与生长表现都要显著优于卤虫组和微颗粒饲料组（<0.05），微颗粒饲料组与卤虫组相比差异不大，而试验后期（20~30 d）微颗粒饲料组的存活与生长表现要优于卤虫组；（2）消化酶的结果显示，胃蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力在各组中无显著性差异（<0.05），其中糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性在微颗粒饲料组中要显著高于混合投喂组（>0.05），过氧化氢酶和溶菌酶活力在微颗粒饲料组中最高，卤虫组中最低，两者之间差异显著（<0.05）；（4）鱼体脂肪酸受饵料脂肪酸组成影响较大，微颗粒饲料中n-3HUFA和DHA含量较高，其投喂后在鱼体中的含量也高。综上所述，不同饵料投喂对美洲西鲱仔稚鱼存活、生长、消化酶活性、非特异性免疫相关酶活性以及体脂肪酸影响显著，在试验20 d之前使用卤虫与微颗粒饲料混合投喂，20 d后完全转食微颗粒饲料，可以降低成本，同时提高生产效率。 Abstract:The American shad, , is an economically and ecologically valuable anadromous herring native to the Atlantic coast of North America, which was introduced into China as an alternative species to the Chinese shad (because of the latter's near extinction), and is considered as an emerging aquaculture species in China. However, the high mortality rate in the early stage of development, particularly after ingestion of exogenous food, has seriously restricted the development of the industry. Therefore, food selection during seed rearing has important significance. In the present study, the effect of different diets on growth performance, survival, digestive enzyme activity, immune response, and body fatty acid composition in larval American shad were assessed. Larvae of American shad, 10 d after hatching, were reared with different diets ( and micro diet), in triplicate, for 30 d cultivation. The survival and growth performance (survival rate, total length, body weight, and specific growth rate) in the mixed feeding group were significantly better than those in the other two groups during the studied period (<0.05). This may be attributable to the difficulty in digesting micro diets during the early experiment stage and the deficiency of essential fatty acids in , particularly the deficiency of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3HUFA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). There were no obvious differences between the micro diet group and group; however, the survival and growth performance of the micro diet group during the 20 d-30 d period were better than those in the <0.05). This may be because larval fish can digest and absorb micro diets efficiently during this period; moreover, micro diets have a better nutrient content. There were no significant differences in the pepsin and amylase activities among all groups, whereas the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase in the group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (<0.05). Furthermore, chymotrypsin and lipase activities in the micro diet group were significantly higher than those in the mixed feeding group (<0.05). This indicates that fish larvae could digest micro diets efficiently at the end of experiment, and the addition of micro diets can improve digestive enzyme activities and digestion ability to a certain extent. There was no significant difference in the alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase activities among all groups. The highest activities of catalase (CAT) and lysozyme (LZM) were recorded in the micro diet group, and the activities in this group were significantly higher than those in the <0.05). There was a certain correlation between the survival performance during the 20-30 d period and the activities of CAT and LZM. The mortality in the micro diet group and mixed feeding group remained stable, whereas that in the group continued to decline during this period. This indicates that the addition of micro diets may enhance the non-specific immune response of larval fish. The fatty acid composition of fish larvae was affected considerably by the fatty acid composition of diets. Due to the higher content of essential fatty acids in micro diets, the contents of n-3 HUFA and DHA in the mixed feeding group and micro diet group were significantly higher than those in the <0.05). The experimental results indicate that different diets have an obvious influence on the growth performance, survival, digestive enzyme activity, immune response, and body fatty acid composition of larval American shad. This preliminary analysis showed that mixed feeding with and micro diets before 20 d and full conversion to feeding with micro diets after 20 d can reduce costs and improve production efficiency. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Growth, calcium content, proximate composition, and fatty acid composition of triangle sail mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) fed five different microalgal diets

The present study investigated the effects of the prebiotic inulin on the growth parameters, digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). After acclimation, fish (34±0.22 g; n = 135) were assigned into 9 tanks (15 fish per tank) and triplicate groups were fed a control diet (G-0) or diets containing 1% (G-1) or 2% (G-2) inulin. At the end of the trial (8 weeks), growth factors (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), Economic conversion ratio (ECR), digestive enzyme activities (pepsin, trypsin, amylase and lipase) and antioxidant status superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level of liver tissue were assessed. At the end of the study highest survival rate was observed in the fish fed with 1% G-1 inulin group. Similarly, digestive enzyme activities were significantly higher dietary G-1 group. Subsequently, elevated growth performance (final weight, SGR and FCR) was observed in trout fed with 1% compared to the control group. The effect of the dietary inulin on digestion was partly observed by assaying the activity of pepsin, intestinal amylase, trypsin and lipase. Apart from pepsin activity, results indicated that dietary supplementation of inulin is beneficial and may also have differential effects upon digestive enzyme activities. Antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD and CAT in liver tissue was generally higher in the supplemented inulin diets than in the control and significantly higher in the 1% inulin group. A significant decrease in MDA level of tissue was observed in all inulin supplemented groups when compared to the control group. These results indicate that inulin be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement for growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant status of rainbow trout.

Effects of by-products from producing yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) juice as feed additive on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant status, related gene expression, and disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae in juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

Incorporating selected functional feed additives such as β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus into fish diets enhances immunity, gut health, growth and stress tolerance. These natural supplements offer sustainable alternatives to antibiotics, addressing disease outbreaks and poor feed efficiency common in intensive aquaculture. Their use supports eco-friendly practices while improving fish performance and overall farm productivity. The impacts of incorporating varied nutritional supplements into the diet, including β-glucan, MOS, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, hemato-biochemical profile and immune gene expression in striped murrel (Channa striata) were examined. Five experimental diets were formulated and prepared as follows: Control, D1 (0.2% β-glucan), D2 (0.3% MOS), D3 (1% Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and D4 (0.02% L. acidophilus). A total of 450 striped murrel (average weight: 15.12 ± 0.26g per fish) were randomly assigned to 15 experimental cages (1m × 1m × 1.5m; 30 fish per cage) and fed the respective diets three times a day (08.00, 13.00 and 18.00h) to apparent satiety for 60days. The findings of the experimental feeding trial elucidated that significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance and nutrient utilization were observed in fish fed with the D4 diet, compared to other diets. The dietary supplementation of different probiotic and prebiotic supplemented diets did not significantly affect the whole-body proximate composition and antioxidant enzyme activity in striped murrel. However, fish fed the D4 diet showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) digestive enzyme activity and immune gene (TGF-β1 and NF-κB) expression, compared to other diets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.02% L. acidophilus (D4 diet) resulted in improved growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and immune gene expression in striped murrel (C. striata).

Effect of dietary supplementation of periphyton on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in Penaeus monodon

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of various dietary levels of garlic juice processing waste (GJPW) on the growth, feed utilization, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activity, growth- and antioxidant-related gene expression, and resistance to Streptococcus iniae infection of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). A total of 450 juvenile rockfish were randomly distributed into 30 L rectangular tanks (30 fish per tank). Five experimental diets were prepared in triplicate. The fish were fed experimental diets supplemented with GJPW at concentrations of 0 (GJPW0, control), 2.5 (GJPW2.5), 5 (GJPW5), 7.5 (GJPW7.5), and 10 g kg-1 (GJPW10) diet. All of the GJPW-supplemented treatments (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 g kg-1) significantly enhanced weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and digestive enzyme activity (amylase, trypsin, and lipase). A decreasing trend was seen in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), and glucose (GLU) content with increasing dietary levels of GJPW. In contrast, plasma lysozyme and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased with increasing dietary GJPW levels. Furthermore, GJPW administration significantly upregulated the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the liver of rockfish. A challenge test with S. iniae showed significantly higher resistance in the GJPW-supplemented treatments than in the control. In short, dietary supplementation GJPW enhanced growth performance and antioxidant response in juvenile black rockfish, with suitable effects in fish fed with 2.5 g kg-1 GJPW for 8 weeks.

Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) fingerlings (4.21±0.68 g) were subjected to a 90-day feeding trial to evaluate the effects of various feeds and probiotic supplementation on growth performance, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities under controlled nursery conditions. The fish were fed three experimental diets: Feed CPFA and Feed CPFB, which are Commercial Pellet Feeds (CPF), and Feed C, which is a basal diet containing of trash/low-valued fish without probiotics. The other treatments included these basal diets supplemented with probiotics - SSP (Single-strain probiotics) and MSP (Multi-strain probiotics). Nine treatments, with three replicates, tested three diets, which included without probiotics, single-strain, and multi-strain probiotics. Fingerlings were stocked at 10 fish per 80-litre tank. The results indicated that growth parameters were significantly influenced (P&lt;0.05) by different diets. The fish fed on multi-strain probiotics had significantly higher final body weight (46.17±0.90 g), weight gain (41.07±0.40 g), daily growth rate (0.45±0.00 g/day), specific growth rate (1.42±0.02 g/day), survival rate (100%), and feed conversion ratio than those fed on single-strain probiotics and without probiotics. Statistically significant differences (P&lt;0.05) in proximate composition were also observed among the fish-fed different diets. Probiotic feeding improved the protein, fat, and moisture content of Seabass fingerlings. Probiotics also enhanced the activities of digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease, and altered the fatty acid profile. These findings highlight the potential of probiotic-enriched diets in enhancing growth, digestion, and nutritional quality in Asian Seabass, supporting their application in sustainable aquaculture practices.