Abstract
AIM:To determine the risk factors associated with H. pylori infection and possible correlation with clinicopathological parameters.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Gastroduodenal biopsies were examined by rapid urease test and Gram staining. Cag A cytotoxin was detected by in situ hybridization.RESULTS:Risk of H. pylori acquisition reported as following: Males have 1.38 fold, rural residents have 0.63 fold, Nonsmokers have 0.39 fold, mild smokers have 18 fold, and moderate smokers have 1.4 fold while heavy smokers have 1 fold. A person who’s in contact with animals has 1.52 fold risks. Illiterates and patients with primary education have 5.36 & 3 fold risk respectively. Patients under proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy have 1.02 fold. Patients under NSAID therapy have 3.48 fold while nonalcoholic Patients have 0.75 fold. Patients using tap water have 0.45 fold risk. H. pylori infection positively correlated with age, weight loss, and heartburn. H. pylori inversely correlated with endoscopic diagnosis, Cag A positivity, and education level. Cag A positivity correlated with animal contact and NSAID usage.CONCLUSIONS:Several life style factors, education, animal contact, using of PPI, and NSAIDs increase the risk of H. pylori infection. Weight loss and heartburn cardinal signs for H. pylori infection. Endoscopic diagnosis and clinicopathological parameters not strictly associated with Cag A positivity.
Highlights
Helicobacter pylori infection is conventional chronic bacterial infection around the world [1]
Several life style factors, education, animal contact, using of pump inhibitor (PPI), and NSAIDs increase the risk of H. pylori infection
Endoscopic diagnosis and clinicopathological parameters not strictly associated with Cag A positivity
Summary
Helicobacter pylori infection is conventional chronic bacterial infection around the world [1]. The critical period at which H. pylori is acquired, is during the childhood, especially in the developing countries and areas of overcrowding and socioeconomic deprivation [5]. H. pylori have developed a repertoire of functions for survival in the harsh gastric niche, including acid tolerance, motility, adherence, immune evasion and mechanisms for adaptive evolution. These features are all involved in the interplay between the host and the bacterium and may influence acquisition and persistence of infection. Bacterial acid tolerance and motility play critical role in gastric colonization [6]. The Objective of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with H. pylori infection and possible correlations between Clinicopathological parameters with these risk factors
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