Abstract
Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been introduced in previous studies as a synergistic technique to modify the surface chemistry and topography of titanium-based implants to control their biocompatibility. In this study, the effectiveness of CMP implementation on titanium-based implant surface modification was compared to machined implants, such as baseline and etching and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) particle-based sand blasting treatments, in terms of the surface chemical and mechanical performance. Initially, a lab-scale 3D CMP technique was developed and optimized on commercial dental implant samples. The mechanical competitiveness of the dental implants treated with the selected methods was examined with the Vickers microhardness test as well as pull-out force and removal torque force measurements. Furthermore, the surface structures were quantified through evaluation of the arithmetic mean roughness parameter (Ra). Subsequently, the surface chemistry changes on the treated implants were studied as wettability by contact angle measurement, and surface passivation was evaluated through electrochemical methods. In each evaluation, the CMP treated samples were observed to perform equal or better than the baseline machined implants as well as the current method of choice, the BCP treatment. The ability to control the surface topography and chemistry simultaneously by the use of CMP technique is believed to be the motivation for its adaptation for the modification of implant surfaces in the near future.
Highlights
Implant therapy has become widely accepted in the community of prosthetic surgery, especially in dentistry, making it a preferred alternative for rehabilitation of partially or totally edentulous patients.Titanium and its alloys are widely used biomaterials in prostheses, cardiovascular devices, and fracture fixation due to their high biocompatibility, low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, and superior corrosion resistance due to fast passivation and growth of their protective native oxide film [1]
H2 O2 Concentration the Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) performances based on the material removal rate (MRR) measured
The 3D CMP process was introduced as an alternative surface structuring technique
Summary
Titanium and its alloys (most commonly Ti–6Al–4V) are widely used biomaterials in prostheses, cardiovascular devices, and fracture fixation due to their high biocompatibility, low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, and superior corrosion resistance due to fast passivation and growth of their protective native oxide film [1]. The self-protective nature of the titanium oxide improves corrosion resistance and provides improved biocompatibility to the titanium implant surface [2,3]. In addition to the biocompatibility, the metallic prostheses need to have mechanical compatibility with the bone tissue they replace. This can be achieved when the selected metal has Materials 2018, 11, 2286; doi:10.3390/ma11112286 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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