Evaluation of Characterization Indexes and Minor Looseness Identification of Flange Bolt Under Noise Influence

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Based on electromechanical impedance (EMI) technology, we studied the indication effect of each characterization index on flange bolt looseness under different noise levels. A new evaluation index T is constructed to solve the problem that the minor looseness and noise under the actual monitoring environment cannot be distinguished with existing indexes. The results show that among the five characterization indexes, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and the correlation coefficient deviation (CCD) can reflect the minor looseness sensitively and are positively correlated with the degree of looseness. They also have good performance of looseness identification under the noise of 30 dBW. However, the indexes' indication range of the case under 1 dBW-6 dBW noise overlaps with the case under 36 N·m-39.5 N·m torque. So it is impossible to judge the structure state with mere characterization indexes. Evaluation index T can extract the correlation difference of the conductance spectrum under the noise conditions and looseness conditions with the benchmark respectively. And there are different indication ranges of T on the noise and minor looseness. By determining a threshold and comparing T with it, whether bolt looseness occurs in an unknown condition can be effectively judged. Finally, T is applied to other flange structure with 8 bolts to verify the effectiveness and general applicability of the method. The evaluation index plays an important role in avoiding misjudgment of flange bolt caused by noise influence on minor looseness and improving the ability of identification when the bolt is at the critical state.