Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters among Diabetes Patients and Healthy Participants in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) burden is one of the key concerns in developing countries like Nigeria. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical parameters among diabetes patients and healthy persons in Abuja, Nigeria. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional prospective study that included 60 DM patients (case) and 48 healthy individuals (control) aged 19 to 80 years from April 1 and June 30, 2018. Five ml of venous fasting blood samples were obtained under aseptic precautions and biochemical parameters were evaluated: fasting blood glucose (FBS) and liver enzymes were determined using Bio systems; A 25 fully automated biochemistry analyzer while hemoglobin A lc (HbAlc) was estimated by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 25 and a value of P <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Mean FBS, HBA1c, AST, ALT, and LDH were significantly higher in DM than control (P<0.05). Mean values of FBS and HBA1c in DM were 9.00mg/d1 and 5.99% respectively while liver enzymes; ALT and AST and ALP were 25.77U/L, 28.87U/L, and 214.35U/L respectively. The mean values of cardiac enzymes; LDH and CK-MB normal were 438.87U/L and 75.47U/L respectively. The mean values of HBAlc, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and CK-MB were higher than normal range in 48.3%, 16.0%, 15.0%, 23.3%, 26.6%, and 36.6% DM respectively. Conclusion: Thus these liver enzymes can be used as a biomarker for the assessment of diabetes. With a thorough study about the level of liver enzymes, it is possible to monitor complications of diabetes.