Abstract
A semiautomated solid phase extraction (SPE) system fitted with reverse phase disks was evaluated for the extraction and concentration of trace contaminants in water. Organochlorine compounds of environmental interest and covering a wide range of log Kow values were dissolved in laboratory water of low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and extracted using a variety of solvents and conditions based on a survey of the literature. The most successful eluent was 15% diethyl ether in n-pentane which recovered 64−91% of the analytes. We tested the influence of DOC from a Canadian Shield humic lake on the recovery of organochlorine compounds by this SPE technique. Recoveries of analytes from high DOC lake water were lower by SPE (42−69%) than by a shake-flask liquid−liquid extraction method (59−98%). An additional 2−11% of analytes were recovered by solvent rinses of containers. Breakthrough, assessed by liquid−liquid extraction of water of SPE sample effluent, ranged from 6 to 38% for lake water samples. These results indicate that the DOC is a principle factor affecting SPE recoveries of organic contaminants in freshwater. Application of the optimized SPE method for analysis of organochlorine contaminants in lake enclosure experiments, however, yielded higher concentrations and better recoveries of surrogates than a large volume liquid−liquid extraction system.
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