Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of Crocus specious M. Growing in the Goris Region of Armenia

Anethum graveolens commonly known as dill plant is a very important shrub which is widely acknowledged in traditional and modern medicine for its capacity to treat colic pain and flatulence. The purpose of this work is the study of the chemical composition and the evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of A. graveolens essential oil. The samples were collected from the chellal region in Algeria and submitted to hydrodistillation. The essential oil extracted was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested by the disc diffusion method; seven bacteria and four phytopathogenic fungi were used. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity was carried out by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging method. The results of the GC and GC/MS analysis allowed the identification of 22 components with carvone(34.33%), α-phellendrene (22.03%), dill ether (18.84%), limonene (6.93%) and dill apiol (5.01%) as major components. The results of the disc difusion method show that Anethum graveolens essential oil exhibits strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and moderate antifungal activity against Fusarium graminum and Alternaria alternata. The pure essential oil showed a moderate antioxidant activity with inhibition percentages of 49.93 ± 4.58%. This study highlights the importance of chemical constituents of A. graveolens essential oil which possesses important pharmacological effects on different pathogenic strains and could be used as substitute for synthetic antimicrobial drugs in pharmaceutical industries.

Baeckea frutescens L. is a medicinal plant endemic to the tropical area and it has been used by locals for topical and oral ailments. This study investigated total phenolic and flavonoid contents and also evaluated in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of of Baeckea frutescens crude extracts. These extracts were assessed for their antibacterial activities against strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thypii, and Pseudomonas aureginosa by the broth micro-dilution methods using a modified tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay). Baeckea frutescens crude extracts were also tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free-radical. The results indicated that Baeckea frutescens water and ethanol extracts possesed remarkable antibacterial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentration less than 100 μg/ml against Escherichia coli and Salmonella thypi. On the evaluation of the antioxidant activity via DPPH assay, Baeckea frutescens ethanol extracts exhibited a good antioxidant activity with IC50 less than 50 μg/ml and Baeckea frutescens water extracts showed a moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 less than 100 μg/ml.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) function significantly in cell signal transduction and homeostasis. High ROS concentration can cause oxidative damage to cells and lead to various diseases consequently. Significantly, antioxidants can scavenge free radicals and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases and cancer. In the present study, a review was carried out concerning current methods for evaluating antioxidant activity, focusing on cellular determining antioxidant activity, in combination with the investigation of evaluation models of antioxidant activity established by different cell lines, which may provide a reference for further evaluation of antioxidant activity by establishing cell models.

In our continuing interest on Sarawak Garcinia species, we carried out the evaluation of antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and cytotoxic activities on the methanolic extracts of Garcinia nervosa. The extracts were prepared from its air‐dried grounded leaves and barks. The evaluation of antioxidant activities was done using the (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) DPPH radical scavenging assay and the result showed high radical scavenging activities. Meanwhile, the anti‐inflammatory evaluation was performed using the lipoxygenase assay, hyaluronidase assay, and xanthine oxidase assay which showed, both of these extracts exhibited high anti‐inflammatory properties. The lipoxygenase assay showed a high inhibition of enzyme activity for the barks extracts and a moderate enzyme activity for the leaves extracts. However, there were low inhibitions for both extracts in the hyaluronidase assay and only the barks extracts exhibited moderate antigout properties in the xanthine oxidase assay. For the cytotoxic assay, the extracts exhibited positive responses against the three cancer cell lines, the HeLa cell lines, MCF‐7 cell lines, and HT‐29 cell lines. Thus, Garcinia nervosa contains high antioxidativeand anti‐inflammation properties, which have great potential in the development of pharmaceutical and dermatological products.

In this work, the chemical composition and the antioxidant evaluation of the inflorescences from 12 Cannabis sativa L. monoecious cultivars (Carmagnola Lemon CL, Ferimon F, Gran Sasso Kush GSK, Antal A, Carmagnola C, Kompolti K, Futura 75 F75, Villanova V, Tiborzallasi T, Finola FL, Kc Virtus KV and Pineapple P) cultivated at the same condition, were investigated. GC-MS analysis was carried out to evaluate the volatile fraction, while HPLC-MS/MS was used for cannabinoids and polyphenolic compounds. The evaluation of antioxidant activity was carried out using ABTS*+, Trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant property (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) assays in vitro. The obtained data, demonstrated that each cultivar has a characteristic chemical profile, with highest antioxidant capacity for CL, F75, GSK and F. Based on the in vitro antioxidant activity the plant extracts can be considered as promising candidates for different applications in food field.

Maltodextrin-α-tocopherol conjugates of vitamin E: Influence of degree of derivatization on physicochemical properties and biological evaluation

The present study aimed to optimize extraction conditions of total phenolic contents (TPC) and evaluation of antioxidant activity (AA) of date palm fruit. The Box–Behnken design was used to study effects of three independent variables, acetone concentration (40–80%), sonication amplitude (50–100%), and extraction time (15–35 min). The statistical optimization revealed that extraction with acetone concentration of 66.71% (v/v) for 29.58 min with sonication amplitude of 64.78% were the best combination of these variables. The corresponding experimental values for both TPC and AA were 725.33 and 39.61 mg GAE/100 g DM of date fruit, respectively. Predicted values were in close agreement with experimental ones. Elaborated models were significant (P > 0.05) with high regression coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.9) and insignificant lack of fits that confirm the validity and success of both MRS models to optimize extraction conditions of antioxidants date fruit.

Event Abstract Back to Event Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activities of Crude and Fractionated Extracts of Selected Local Medicinal Plants Phaik Har Yong1*, Wai Hin Chan1, Mei Rong Chong1, Kuan Zheng Chu1 and Xiao Jiun Tan1 1 Mahsa University, Malaysia Background Recent studies have suggested that the development of metabolic syndrome complications could be reduced by the intake of natural antioxidants from plants. Medicinal plants have been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases related to oxidative stress by local populations in Malaysia. Hence, this study hypothesizes that the selected medicinal plant extracts would be able to demonstrate significant levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds which possess anti-oxidant activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Centella asiatica, Phyllanthus urinaria, Folium mori, Rhinacanthus nasutus, Alternanthera sessilis and Strobilanthes crispus. Methods Selected local plants were processed and macerated with absolute methanol. The solvent extracts were rotary evaporated, subjected to fractionation with different solvents in the following order: water, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The antioxidant activities of extract and fractions were evaluated through Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) free radicals scavenging assays. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods were used to quantify the phenolic, flavonoid contents of crude extracts and fractions. Results P. urinaria demonstrated considerable levels of phenolic, flavonoids and antioxidant activities across all extract fractions. In contrast, only a few selected fractions of other plant samples showed high levels of activities. These were particularly of ethyl acetate, n-butanol and chloroform fractions which possessed high levels of phenolic, flavonoids and antioxidant activities. Ethyl acetate fraction of C. asiatica displayed the highestphenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities when compared to the other plant samples. In general, the phenolic (r = 0.875, p<0.001) and flavonoid contents (r = 0.527, p<0.001) were positively correlated with total antioxidant activities. Conclusion The study showed that the selected medicinal plants, particularly P. urinaria possess high antioxidant potential and could be a potential natural source of antioxidant. Keywords: Antioxidants, medicinal plants, Phenolic, Flavonoids, Fractionation Conference: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 3 Dec - 5 Feb, 2019. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Miscellaneous Citation: Yong P, Chan W, Chong M, Chu K and Tan X (2019). Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activities of Crude and Fractionated Extracts of Selected Local Medicinal Plants. Front. Pharmacol. Conference Abstract: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”. doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00090 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 30 Sep 2018; Published Online: 17 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: Dr. Phaik Har Yong, Mahsa University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, yphaikhar@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Phaik Har Yong Wai Hin Chan Mei Rong Chong Kuan Zheng Chu Xiao Jiun Tan Google Phaik Har Yong Wai Hin Chan Mei Rong Chong Kuan Zheng Chu Xiao Jiun Tan Google Scholar Phaik Har Yong Wai Hin Chan Mei Rong Chong Kuan Zheng Chu Xiao Jiun Tan PubMed Phaik Har Yong Wai Hin Chan Mei Rong Chong Kuan Zheng Chu Xiao Jiun Tan Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Objective: In this study, we were interested in qualitative, quantitative phytochemical characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of the total extracts of a plant from northern Morocco, the species selected for this study is Withania frutescens.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Analysis of mineral elements by inductive coupling plasma-atomic absorption spectroscopy (ICP-AES), phytochemical screening, polyphenol and tannin assays, evaluation of antioxidant activity by the 1,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method and reducing power.&#x0D; Results: The plant contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, mucilages, and coumarins. It has a relatively high content of total polyphenols and tannins of 19.53±0.018 μg genetic generalized epilepsy/mg MS and 6.258±0.062 μg Eqcat/mg MS, respectively. The analysis of mineral elements by ICP-AES shows that our species is rich in mineral elements which are calcium, magnesium, and sodium, and it is devoid of metallic elements such as nickel, lead, cadmium, and cobalt. The evaluation of antioxidant activity by the DPPH free radical scavenging method shows that the half maximal inhibitory concentration of the tested extracts has an antiradical activity of about 0.056±0.008 μg/ml for the ethanol extract and 0.213±0.004 μg/ml for the methanol extract compared to the butylated hydroxytoluene value of 0.009±0.0004 μg/ml which was used as a reference. The reducing capacity test shows that methanolic extract has a high antioxidant capacity (0.213±0.006) compared to ethanolic extract (0.043±0.004) but remains low compared to ascorbic acid (0.003±0.0004) which was used as reference.&#x0D; Conclusion: Phytochemical analysis of W. frutescens shows that this plant is rich in high quantities of alkaloids, saponins, mucilage, tannins, and coumarins. It contains an average amount of total polyphenols and tannins that confer significant antioxidant activity to the plant studied.

Herbs have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. According to recent investigations, they may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases, cardiovascular disease, and cancer due to antioxidant properties, which in turn can be attributed to the various phytoconstituents. With this intention, evaluation of antioxidant activity was performed. Methanol extract of aerial parts of Artemisia pallens Wall was screened for its antioxidant activity due to phenolic and flavonoid contents, by employing radical scavenging assays; 2,2 –diphenyl, 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard. Quantitative determination of phenols and flavonoids were carried out using spectrophotometric method. Total flavonoid content was determined as quercetin equivalent and total phenolic content was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Plant produces more phenolic compounds than flavonoids. IC50 value of methanol extract for DPPH free radical scavenging activity was found to be 292.7 μg, whereas for nitric oxide it was 204.61 μg. The result obtained in the present study indicates that the aerial parts of this plant are a rich source of natural antioxidants

Event Abstract Back to Event Evaluation of cellular antioxidant activity and chemical constituents of Melicope latifolia (DC.) T. G. Hartley Pei Cee Lim1, Nur Kartinee Kassim1*, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Ikhlas Khan2, 3, Shabana I. Khan2, 3, Khozirah Shaari1 and Amin Ismail4 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Putra Malaysia University, Malaysia 2 National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, United States 3 Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, United States 4 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Background Melicope latifolia (DC.) T. G. Hartley, a Rutaceae family species, known as ‘kisampang’ and ‘pepau’ are distributed in Southeast Asia - Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines to Papua New Guinea in the Pacific. Traditionally, Melicope latifolia leaves are used as remedy for fever and cramps. In Indonesia, the leaves are used in folk medicine to cure jaundice and malaria. Other Melicope species were reported to possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, to date, there are limited reports on chemical constituents and biological potential of this species. Methods Powdered leaves of Melicope latifolia were extracted successively using hexanes, ethyl acetate and methanol. Total phenolic contents (TPC) and antioxidant capacities namely 2,2ʹ-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and copper reducing antioxidant capacity assay (CUPRAC) of the extracts were evaluated. Phytochemical study on the methanol extract yielded five flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides which were then subjected to cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay. Results Melicope latifolia methanol extract exhibited the highest phenolic content with 57mg GAE/g extract compared to other extracts. Maximum DPPH scavenging activity and ORAC values were also observed in methanol extract with 70mg TE/g extract and 1830µmol TE/g extract respectively. The methanol extract also possessed significant reducing ability on CUPRAC with the value of 187mg TE/g extract. Chemical constituents named taxifolin, quercetin 3-O-robinobioside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-arabinoside were isolated for the first time from this species. These compounds were subjected to CAA assay. Taxifolin was the most effective in decreasing the cellular oxidative stress compared to other compounds. Conclusion Methanol extract of Melicope latifolia appears to have the most significant antioxidant capacity. Isolated phenolic compounds from the extract certainly contribute to its anti-oxidative properties to some extent. Keywords: Rutaceae, Flavonoid, Melicope latifolia, Flavonoid glycosides, antioxidant Conference: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 3 Dec - 5 Feb, 2019. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Miscellaneous Citation: Lim P, Kassim N, Ali Z, Khan I, Khan SI, Shaari K and Ismail A (2019). Evaluation of cellular antioxidant activity and chemical constituents of Melicope latifolia (DC.) T. G. Hartley. Front. Pharmacol. Conference Abstract: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”. doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00086 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 18 Oct 2018; Published Online: 17 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: Dr. Nur Kartinee Kassim, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Putra Malaysia University, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia, kartinee@upm.edu.my Dr. Zulfiqar Ali, National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, United States, zulfiqar@olemiss.edu Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Pei Cee Lim Nur Kartinee Kassim Zulfiqar Ali Ikhlas Khan Shabana I Khan Khozirah Shaari Amin Ismail Google Pei Cee Lim Nur Kartinee Kassim Zulfiqar Ali Ikhlas Khan Shabana I Khan Khozirah Shaari Amin Ismail Google Scholar Pei Cee Lim Nur Kartinee Kassim Zulfiqar Ali Ikhlas Khan Shabana I Khan Khozirah Shaari Amin Ismail PubMed Pei Cee Lim Nur Kartinee Kassim Zulfiqar Ali Ikhlas Khan Shabana I Khan Khozirah Shaari Amin Ismail Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Antioxidant potential and composition of phenolic compounds were studied in pure bee products (beebread - BB, bee pollen - BP) and in their mixtures with honey and vegetable oils [sea buckthorn (SBO), flax seed (FSO), royal jelly (RJ)], and the alga Spirulina (SA). The values of total phenolic content (TPC) found in the raw weight (RW) of material of BP, BB, SA, and RJ were 23.3, 21.2, 15.4, and 10.7 GAE mg/g, respectively. The methanolic extract of pure BP possessed higher ABTS.+scavenging capacity (5.37-6.47 TE mg/g RW) than BB (4.86-5.70 TE mg/g RW). The values of oxygen radical absorbance capacities (ORAC) of methanolic extracts of BB and BP were 626.30 and 894.04 TE mg/g RW, respectively. An analysis of flavonoids in the products by the ultra performance liquid chromatography showed that pure BP possesses a broader spectrum of compounds than pure BB. Three forms of glycosides were identified in BP: quercetin 3-O-sophoroside, quercetin dihexoside and isorhamnetin 3-glucoside. Rhamnetin and isorhamnetin as well as their glycosides and kaempferol 3-O-α-l-(2''-E-p-coumaroyl-3''-Z-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnoside were determined in the samples of pollen mixed with honey (BPH).

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic, and Flavonoid Content of Tussilago farfara L. in Different Altitudes and Phenological Stages

Abstract. Ghosh A, Majumder S, Saha S, Sarkar S, Bhattacharya M. 2021. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry profiling, and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Albizia spp. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 177-184. Plant resources have been utilized for human welfare since ancient times. Most of the pharmaceutical industry relies on bioactive molecules from plant resources. This research was carried out to investigate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Albizia spp. DPPH assay was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity and well diffusion test by pour plate method was followed for antibacterial assay. Antioxidant activity confirmed that the leaf extracts with chemical contents having solubility in polar solvents showed high free radical scavenging activity. The free radical scavenging activities of bark extracts were lower than the leaf extracts. Leaf extracts of Albizia procera showed the highest scavenging activity (94.77% or 100.66 µg AE/ ml); followed by Albizia odoratissima (93.52% or 99.23µg AE/ ml); Albizia lebbeck (91.68% or 97.13 µg AE/ ml) and Albizia chinensis (89.91% or 95.11 µg AE/ ml). GC-MS analysis of leaf and bark extracts revealed that 15 compounds had been reported to have antioxidant activities such as beta-amyrin, phytol, squalene, vitamin E and 31 compounds had been reported to have antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity. The antibacterial activities of leaf and bark extracts of four Albizia species showed that leaf extracts of Albizia spp. showed better antibacterial activity compared to bark samples which were compatible with the results found from GC-MS analysis.

Chemotherapy treatment of leishmaniasis is based on the use of pentavalent antimonials, but these drugs present low efficacy and high toxicity.In the search for new antileishmanial agents, essential oils (EOs) from four Croton species (C.argyrophylloides, C. jacobinensis, C. nepetifolius and C. sincorensis) were evaluated against Leishmania infantum chagasi, L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis.EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry.Spathulenol, β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, 1,8-cineole and methyl eugenol were the major constituents.The evaluation of antioxidant activity by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method showed that all EOs have moderate antioxidant activity.All oils were similarly active against L. i. chagasi, and C. nepetifolius EO showed the best result against L. amazonensis, with median inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) of 9.87 μg mL -1 , similar to amphotericin B (IC 50 = 7.38 μg mL -1 ).The oils presented low cytotoxicity in macrophages.The in silico analysis revealed that spathulenol and 1,8-cineole were active against the enzyme Leishmania infantum trypanothione reductase (LiTR), showing excellent interaction energies, making them promising agents for leishmaniasis control.