Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly porcine virus that has been detected in many countries since its first detection in pigs in Canada in 2007, and it remains endemic in many countries in Asia and America, which has become a substantial problem for the pig industry. Vaccination is a potentially effective strategy for the prevention and control of SVA infection. Our lab has developed a SVA vaccine candidate previously. In this study, the antibody response to the prepared vaccine in sows and their offspring was evaluated. Vaccination of sows with inactivated SVA vaccines during pregnancy elicited SVA-specific virus-neutralizing antibodies. Vaccination with a high dose of SVA vaccine followed a booster immunization contributed to a long-term duration of the persistence of maternally derived neutralizing antibodies (MDAs) in the milk of the sows (>14 days). In contrast, vaccination with a single low dose of SVA vaccine resulted in a short-term persistence of MDAs in the milk (2–7 days). The MDAs could be efficiently transferred from the sows to their offspring through the colostrum/milk but not the umbilical cord blood. The antibody titers and the duration of the persistence of MDAs in the offspring are highly associated with the antibody levels in the milk from the sows. Vaccination of sows with a booster dose of SVA vaccine resulted in a longer-lasting MDAs in their offspring (persisted for at least 90 days). However, vaccination with the single low dose of vaccine only brought about 42 days of MDAs persistence in their offspring. The effect of MDAs on active immunization with SVA vaccine in offspring was further evaluated, which showed that vaccination of the SVA vaccine in the presence of MDAs at the titer of ≈1:64 or less could overcome the MDAs’ interference and give rise to effective antibody response. This will help for establishing the optimal times and schedules for SVA vaccination in pigs.
Highlights
Senecavirus A (SVA), known as Seneca valley virus, belongs the genus of Senecavirus, family Picornaviridae
SVA genome is a positive single-strand RNA of approximately 7.3 kb in length; it is composed of a 5 -untranslated region (UTR), a single open reading frame (ORF), a 3 -UTR, and a poly-A tail
SVA encodes a large polyprotein from the single ORF, which is subsequently processed into 12 mature proteins, including four structural proteins VP4, VP2, VP3, and VP1, as well as eight nonstructural proteins Lpro, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3Cpro, and 3Dpol [1]
Summary
Senecavirus A (SVA), known as Seneca valley virus, belongs the genus of Senecavirus, family Picornaviridae. The SVA positive cases in pigs was first reported in 2007 in Manitoba, Canada [4], and it was supposed to be an etiologic agent of vesicular disease in 2010 in Indiana, US [5]. Since the end of 2014, continuous outbreaks of SVA infection in pigs were reported in different geographical regions in Brazil and quickly reported in the US, China, Colombia, Thailand, as well as Vietnam with an expanded geographical distribution [3,6,13,14,15,16,17,18]. The effect of SVA-specific maternal antibody interference to the adaptive immunization in piglets has not been assessed. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the MDAs (SVA-specific) interference in the piglets and timing of administration of the first dose of SVA vaccine
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