Abstract
The use of an internal control in a multiplex-PCR assay for sex determination of In Vitro-produced bovine embryos was evaluated in biopsies of groups of 54 fresh and 44 frozen embryos. The internal controls used were the primers BOV 1 and BOV 2, which amplify a product with 626 base pairs (bp) of bovine mitochondrial DNA ND5 gene. The primers BRY.4aF and BRY.4aR were used for bovine Y chromosome sequence amplification. The specificity of multiplex- PCR reactions realized in biopsies corresponding to about 20% of each fresh embryo (10 male and 10 female) by means of confirming the sexing in the remaining embryo content (~80%) presented 100% specificity. Amplicons of the internal control and Y chromosome were both amplified until dilution corresponding to 6.25% of total extracted DNA from a male embryo. Sex determination was possible in 53 (98.1%) fresh embryos and 40 (90.9%) frozen embryos. The products related to the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA were simultaneously amplified in 34 (63%) fresh embryos and 27 (61.4%) frozen embryos, showing a male embryo. The female sex, distinguished by internal control amplification only, was detected in 19 (35.2%) and 13 (29.5%) biopsies, respectively, of fresh and frozen embryos. In one (1.8%) and four (9.1%) biopsies of fresh and frozen embryos, respectively, neither product was amplified, most likely due to the absence of embryonic cells or the presence of embryonic cells going through apoptosis. The multiplex-PCR assay developed in this work showed avoided the limitation of a lack of an internal standard, and was also sensitive, specific, and efficient in reaction failure identification. This technique shows great potential for use on a commercial scale in routine sex determination of In Vitro-produced embryos.
Highlights
The development of new animal reproduction biotechniques has made it possible to achieve a significant increase in genetic improvement in bovines
The use of an internal control in a multiplex-PCR assay for sex determination of in vitro-produced bovine embryos was evaluated in biopsies of groups of 54 fresh and 44 frozen embryos
The multiplex-PCR analysis of DNA extracted from bovine leucocytes provided amplification of a 626 bp product corresponding to the ND5 mitochondrial gene, which was used as an internal control in the PCR reactions
Summary
The development of new animal reproduction biotechniques has made it possible to achieve a significant increase in genetic improvement in bovines. In the last few years, important changes in the embryo technology industry have been noted with the ascension of in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos [1,2], mainly in Brazil, where the technique is more widespread. This is an established technique, some studies show a disproportion between the sexes of animals born by means of IVP, with the percentage of males higher than the theoretically expected ratio of 50% for each sex [3,4,5,6]. The sexed sperm technique sometimes gives inconsistent results when used in artificial insemination (AI) programs and production of embryos in vivo [9,10]
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