Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the inhibition of the activity of enzymes associated with development of the metabolic syndrome by peptide fractions received from simulated gastrointestinal digestion and absorption of heat-treated edible insects. The inhibitory activities of insect-derived peptides were determined against key enzymes relevant to the metabolic syndrome such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), pancreatic lipase, and α-glucosidase. After the in vitro absorption process, all hydrolysates showed high inhibitory activity; however, the most effective metabolic syndrome-inhibitory peptides were received after separation on Sephadex G10. The best results were found for peptide fractions obtained from Schistocerca gregaria. The highest enzymes inhibitory activities were obtained for peptide fractions from S. gregaria: boiled for ACE (IC50 3.95 µg mL−1), baked for lipase (IC50 9.84 µg mL−1), and raw for α-glucosiadase (IC50 1.89 µg mL−1) S. gregaria, respectively. Twelve sequences of peptides from the edible insects were identified and their chemical synthesis was carried out as well. Among the synthesized peptides, the KVEGDLK, YETGNGIK, AIGVGAIR, IIAPPER, and FDPFPK sequences of peptides exhibited the highest inhibitory activity. Generally, the heat treatment process applied to edible insects has a positive effect on the properties of the peptide fractions studied.
Highlights
Insects have high levels of good-quality protein and minerals, vitamins, and essential fatty acids
All the peptide fractions obtained exhibited a metabolic syndrome enzyme-inhibitory effect, as shown in Fig. 1; the thermal treatment had a major influence on improvement of the enzyme inhibition with a minor exception for α-glucosidase activity in hydrolysates obtained from T. molitor and S. gregaria
All the hydrolysates obtained after the in vitro absorption process showed angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and IC50 values ranging from 28.2 to 608.85 μg mL−1 (Fig. 1) In turn, Vercruysse et al [7] determined the IC50 value of the ACE inhibitory activity of S. littoralis after gastrointestinal digestion at 320 μg mL−1, which is within the range of values estimated in the present study
Summary
Insects have high levels of good-quality protein and minerals, vitamins, and essential fatty acids. This is evidenced by the large number of publications issued in recent years [1]. The latest research complements the list of the benefits of insect consumption with a prohealthy aspect i.e. their bioactivity. Several studies indicate that insects, due to their high protein content ranging from 7 to 91%, are a valuable source of biologically active peptides [2,3,4,5,6]. The best studied species of edible insects for bioactive peptides is Bombyx mori. In the protein of this species peptides with in vitro inhibitory activity against enzymes such
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