Abstract
The 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA formulation has reduced drift and volatility compared to the amine or ester formulation of 2,4-D and therefore is advantageous compared to a tank mix of 2,4-D amine or ester with glyphosate. The objective of this research was to compare the control of glyphosate susceptible and glyphosate resistant Canada fleabane with 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA with 2,4-D amine, glyphosate, and a tank mix of 2,4-D amine and glyphosate. Ten rates of 2,4-D amine (0 - 6708 g∙ae∙ha⁻¹), glyphosate (0 - 7052 g∙ae∙ha⁻¹), a tank mix of glyphosate plus 2,4- D amine (0 - 7052 g∙ae∙ha⁻¹ + 0 - 6708), and 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA (0 - 13760 g∙ae∙ha⁻¹) were examined in the greenhouse for the control of two susceptible (GS) and two resistant to gly- phosate (GR) Canada fleabane biotypes. The tank mix of 2,4-D amine plus glyphosate and 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA provided equivalent control of the GR Canada fleabane biotypes at 35 days after the application (DAA). The 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA treatment was more effica- cious than the tank mix on the GS biotypes. Glyphosate (880 g∙ae∙ha⁻¹) provided 50% and 100% control of the resistant and susceptible biotypes, respectively. The 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA formulation and the tankmix of 2,4-D amine and glyphosate provided similar control of GR Canada fleabane. * Corresponding author.
Highlights
Canada fleabane (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist) is native to North America and has spread to many parts of the world including Europe, Australia and parts of Africa [1]
The glyphosate resistant (GR) biotypes had very few to no symptoms, whereas the glyphosate susceptible (GS) biotypes had yellowing of the growing point especially at the high rates of glyphosate
There was no difference between the tank mix of 2,4-D amine and glyphosate DMA to the 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA formulation by 35 days after the application (DAA) on the GR biotypes
Summary
Canada fleabane (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist) is native to North America and has spread to many parts of the world including Europe, Australia and parts of Africa [1]. It is typically found in coarse textured, undisturbed soil [2] [3]. Canada fleabane is mostly self-pollinated with a small portion (4%) cross pollinating [4] The spread of this weed has been due to its large seed production (up to 1 million seeds/plant) and the slow settlement velocity (0.323 m∙sec−1) which allows it to be wind dispersed up to 500 km [2] [5]. Controlling this weed is important to reduce the risk of yield loss
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