Abstract
A piperidinium borate, an organic conjugate base as a catalyst under mild conditions, effectively promotes Knoevenagel condensation between aromatic, heterocyclic, α, β unsaturated aldehydes and aliphatic, cyclic ketones with active methylenes. Piperidinium borate can be easily prepared from widely available boric acid and piperidine. The present method showed the advantages of mild reaction conditions, wide and easy availability of starting materials, and higher product yields. In addition, all the products were separated simply by filtering and washing with water. The intermediate of AMG 837, a new GPR40 agonist, was synthesized using the similar reaction conditions used in this protocol. Furthermore, the recyclability and reusability of the catalyst are also excellent.
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