Evaluating the Efficiency of Hydroponic and Aeroponic Plant Nutrient Utilization Systems for Growing Tomatoes in Salinized Fishpond Wastewater

Public knowledge about health, the dangers of pesticides, environmentally friendly issues, make hydroponic vegetables are starting to be in deman. The increase in consumption of hydroponic vegetables provides a great opportunity for hydroponic vegetable businesses. The hydroponic system has many advantages compared to conventional systems,like environmentally friendly, hygienic and healthy products, faster plant growth, the quality of plant yields can be maintained and the quantity can be increased. The Community Service Team (PKM) has conducted a field survey and communication with the Salo Village regarding the problems they face. An agreement has been reached and a PKM program has been approved in the form of guidance and training on the hydroponic agricultural technology system on a household scale in Salo Village, Salo District, Kampar Regency, Riau. The extension material includes what is hydroponic cultivation, the importance of hydroponic cultivation for improving the family economy and various hydroponic media from simple materials. The team presents a 9-hole hydroponic system, hydroponics, seeds and plant nutrients. The vegetable seeds given are lettuce. The reason for choosing lettuce is because lettuce has high economic value, is more resistant to pests, has many types of variants, and is good for health. The condition of the residents of Salo Village has great potential for empowerment. The active participation of the residents of Salo Village to participate in counseling and hydroponic planting practices shows that the enthusiasm of the residents is very high. The activeness shown by participating in direct practice shows that there is additional knowledge and understanding of residents about hydroponics. This community service activity went succesfully and was achieved according to plan. Kata Kunci: Hidroponik, selada, penyuluhan

Within the research project HypoWave, a hydroponic system for plant production was investigated. The hydroponic system was fed with wastewater that had undergone specially adapted treatment. The principal aim was to develop a combined system for water treatment and hydroponic plant production, where water and nutrients were reused efficiently to produce marketable food products. Another goal was to find out whether the reuse of pre-treated wastewater for plant growth in a hydroponic system could also present an additional alternative wastewater treatment step for enhanced nutrient removal. A pilot plant, consisting of various treatment steps such as activated sludge process, ozonation and biological activated carbon filtration, was used to produce lettuce with irrigation water of different qualities. The hydroponic pilot plant was operated in two different modes – flow-through and feed & deplete. This paper focuses on the influence of the various modes of operation and accordingly varying nutrient concentrations (N, P, K) on plant growth. Furthermore, heavy metal content in the various types of treated wastewater and in the produced plants was investigated. In addition, the results of the different modes of operation were verified by mass balances for N, P and K.

Hydroponics is the process of planting seeds inside a solid growth medium instead of soil and providing them with nutrients that soil would normally provide. Aquaponics is a method of growing plants without soil, utilizing fish waste to fertilize plants. In this experiment, we compared both methods to observe if hydroponic nutrients and fish waste would produce plants with different heights when growing a widely cultivated vegetable like Lactuca sativa. Our hypothesis was that aquaponics would be a more efficient farming method in terms of growth per day and average height, since the method uses a natural fertilizer. The aquaponics system would simulate an open environment, helping the plants better adapt to the natural fertilizer provided by fish. At the beginning of the experiment, the plants in the aquaponics system were taller than those in the hydroponics system, but the hydroponics plants had a faster growth rate than aquaponics plants by the end of the experiment. However, the aquaponics system had a higher growth rate than the hydroponics system in the majority of the experimental timeframe, and had a higher average plant height. Therefore, the aquaponics system was a superior system to the hydroponics system, producing plants with better height by 0.4 centimeters on the final day, and higher average growth rate by 0.02329545455.

Hydroponics is an agricultural system that uses water as its growing medium by adding nutrients to plants without using soil. In hydroponic cultivation, the thing that needs to be considered is the provision of an optimal dose of nutrient solution as a food source for plants. The provision of nutrients that are not in accordance with the needs of plants results in plants stopping growing, so that plants do not take care of each other. The type of nutrition commonly used in hydroponic plants is AB mix. However, the use of AB mix as a hydroponic nutrient also has disadvantages, namely synthetics and the price of AB mix nutrients are quite expensive. Therefore, alternative nutrients are needed that have the potential to be used as hydroponic nutrients. By analyzing hydroponic plant assessment data so that the rules of linkage between combinations of goods are found and form a pattern of itemset combinations with apriori algorithm. The association technique aims to find matching links in the database. From the results of data mining calculations using apriori algorithms, nutrient assessment data on hydroponic plants with the minimum support 20% and the minimum confidence 70%, formed five rules on hydroponic plant nutrition. One of the best rules is that AB mix nutrition is used on cucumber, spinach, celery, and kailan plants, so with 100% probability that POC nutrients will be good to also use on cucumber, spinach, celery, and kailan plants.

Smart technology has provided many benefits for all human activities, including hydroponic farming systems. The consistent challenge in the process of cultivating plants using hydroponic systems is the monitoring of partner farmers in managing plant nutrition. Smart technology, utilizing microcontrollers and multisensors, can enhance hydroponic management, particularly concerning the control of nutrient availability, including saturation, water pH, and water availability in the hydroponic system. The purpose of this activity is to address partner-related issues regarding their lack of knowledge and skills in managing businesses aided by smart technology such as microcontrollers and multisensors and to improve the economic viability of partner businesses by producing nutritious and high-quality vegetables. The method used in this community engagement activity involves initial observation at the partner's business location, theoretical instruction to enhance partner knowledge, and finally, training in the creation and operation of smart technology involving microcontrollers and multisensors in the partner's hydroponic area. Questionnaires were distributed to assess the initial conditions before the training and to measure the success of the training after its completion. The initial observation showed a lack of knowledge about smart technology using microcontrollers and multisensors. Based on this, theoretical training was conducted to improve partner knowledge about smart technology using microcontrollers and multisensors. The theoretical content included 1) technology and innovation in hydroponic plant nutrition, 2) an introduction to microcontrollers and sensors in agriculture/horticulture technology, and 3) a demonstration of monitoring physical parameters and nutrient content of hydroponic plants using the Wokwi simulator. Subsequently, a simulation of microcontroller and multisensory device use was carried out, resulting in an enhancement of partner skills in using microcontrollers and multisensors. The improvement in partner knowledge and skills after participating in this training is evident from the questionnaire results, and partner satisfaction with the conducted training is also evident. The conclusion of this community engagement activity is that partners have gained knowledge and skills after participating in the training on the application of smart technology for microcontroller-based irrigation of hydroponic plants with multisensor systems in hydroponic plant cultivation.

<p><span>Hydroponics is a type of soil-free farming that uses less water and other resources than conventional soil-based farming methods. Hydroponic cultivation system has high yield per acre of land with minimal consumption of water and can be a possible to meet the growing food demand of the world. The hydroponic plants fertility must be preserved, proper nutrition, a environmental temperature, and nutrient stability are crucial. It will be simpler for a farmer to keep track of all hydroponic plants by automatically monitoring nutrient flow and ambient temperature stability. By implementing artificial intelligence-based regulating algorithms in the agriculture industry, recent technology advancements are highly helpful in resolving these issues. This paper presents, automated hydroponic nutrient control system (AHNCS) for smart agriculture. System architecture is consisting of sensors network, Raspberry pi 4 microcontroller and actuators. Raspberry pi 4 microcomputer read sensor values from sensors process and activates particular actuator. The automation of the hydroponic system helps to avoid human intervention. The utilization of sensors and actuators, promptly act for the needs of the plant without any delay. The AHNCS having high accuracy, high efficiency and less delay. Hence, automation of the existing hydroponic system can reduce human dependency, provide accurate results, constant monitoring of plant health.</span></p>

Hydroponic farming systems have been widely applied in agriculture. The use of technology for automatic hydroponic systems is also being developed. The automated hydroponic system can automatically control the nutrient content in the water, which is the main element in the hydroponic farming system. In addition, control can also be carried out for water pH levels, water temperature, which is also essential to consider in a hydroponic planting system. Although the automatic hydroponic system can work independently, remote monitoring is needed to determine whether the automation system is working correctly or not. This research develops an automated hydroponic system on the side of mobile-based data monitoring. Through the development of a mobile-based monitoring system, the data for each sensor can be easily identified. The monitoring system can also find out whether the sensors in the automatic hydroponic system are working well or not. The method in software development uses the waterfall, while the manufacture of mobile applications uses framework 7. The results of this study are an Android-based mobile application that functions to monitor the condition of hydroponic plants. This application is connected to Arduino devices on hydroponics via cloud service.

Hydroponics is the cultivation of planting using water without using soil by emphasizing meeting the nutritional needs of plants. Nutrition and water play an important role for hydroponic plants. This hydroponic system has the advantage that it can be used to overcome the problem of an increasingly narrow land shortage. The most important thing in a hydroponic planting system is the process of monitoring the amount of plant nutrients and the (Power of The Hydrogen) pH content of the water which must match the needs of the plant, otherwise the plant growth is less than optimal. Therefore we need a system that can monitor and control the needs of the amount of plant nutrition, pH of the water, and the temperature of the plant's environment. Through smart hydroponics which uses a (Total dissolved solid) Tds meter to measure the content of nutrients dissolved in water, a DIY more sensor to measure the pH of water, as well as the Ds18b20 sensor which is used to measure the environmental temperature sensor and is connected to the Arduino Uno as a microcontroller so the system can monitor hydroponic plant parameters. in real time. In addition, by utilizing Firebase as a database, smart hydroponics can be monitored via Android and web applications. Based on the results of the hydroponic smart test that has been built, it can help hydroponic farmers in monitoring the growth of their plants so that they can produce maximum yields.

Hydroponic cultivation systems are often applied to overcome the shortage of agricultural land in this case food crops, especially vegetables. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) is the one of various ways to grow crops hydroponically. Hydroponic systems are carried out without the use of soil media and it can be an alternative solution for the efficient use of land. Uniformity of nutrients and nutrient solution concentration levels required to be adjusted. Nutrient solution as a water supply source and minerals. Nutrition is an important factor for the growth and quality of hydroponic plants should be appropriate in terms of the number of ion composition of nutrients. This study aimed to determined the effect of various treatments of hydroponic nutrient solution on plant growth kale. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Kale seed sowing in the growing media rockwool and nourished by nutrient A, nutrient B, combination of nutrients A and B (3: 1), or a combination of nutrients A and B (1: 3). Plant growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, and dry weight without root measured. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance ANOVA and DMRT test with α = 95%. The results showed that affect the nutrient solution hydroponic plant growth kale. Kale plants with a combination of nutrient A and nutrient B ratio of 3: 1 (treatment C) give the best response compared with other treatments.

The study of absorption and accumulation of nutrients is important to determine the date and quantity of fertilizer for crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration and accumulation of macronutrients in hydroponic and conventional lettuce, cv. Veronica, during crop development. The statistical design was blocks with six replications in split plot. The main plots were hydroponic and conventional system and the subplots were the dates of harvest. Every seven days plants were harvested and analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. The hydroponic plants had the cycle shorter than conventional plants. Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S at the harvest in the plant above ground parts in hydroponic system were 44.80; 8.54; 87.42; 10.29; 3.31; 2.32 g Kg-1 and in conventional system were 38.,24; 5.74; 78.33; 12.23; 3.11 and 3.87 g Kg-1, respectively. The accumulation were 581.10; 110.60; 1,135.76; 133.81; 42.97 and 30.08 mg of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S by plant in hydroponic system and 372.78; 56.11; 765.84; 119.05; 30.46 and 37.81 mg, respectively, in conventional system.

Indonesia's population growth has increased every year which has an impact on the conversion of agricultural land into settlements. Hydroponics is a solution to the conversion of agricultural land. Hydroponics is a farming system without soil. In hydroponics, pH and nutrient levels are very important to keep plants growing properly. However, there are obstacles in the hydroponic farming system, namely in terms of controlling pH and nutrient levels which are still done manually. the result of not optimally controlling pH and nutrient levels in hydroponics will result in less optimal plant growth and even plant death. Therefore, we need a tool that can control pH and nutrient levels by using an Arduino microcontroller as a controller, a pH meter sensor to measure pH levels, and a TDS meter to measure nutrient levels. In this research, the hydroponic system used is the Nutrient Film Technique system, which is a hydroponic system that uses shallow water flow. This research was conducted in the hydroponic lab at the University of Perjuangan, Tasikmalaya, which still controls the levels of nutrients and the pH of the water used for hydroponic plants, which is still done manually. The results of this research are that the tool is designed to be able to maintain pH levels and nutrient levels for hydroponic lettuce plants with an error rate of 1.6% for pH sensors and 0.6% for TDS sensors which allows pH and nutrient levels for lettuce to be sufficient and stable.

This paper presents an efficient hydroponic nutrient solution control system whose system parameters are optimized using genetic algorithm. A novel mamdani fuzzy inference system (FIS) that grades the quality of solution for a given set of control parameters has been used as its fitness function. The FIS evaluation function has been designed using expert opinion from researchers at Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre, India. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, a virtual hydroponic nutrient control system with a solution monitoring unit was designed using Labview. The designed algorithm demonstrated better convergence efficiency and resource utilization compared to conventional error function based nutrient solution control systems.

Hydroponics is a method of growing plants using nutrient solutions. The advantage of hydroponics is that soil can be replaced with a nutrient solution because it can produce its advantages, such as saving land, planting in any area without the need for soil, and producing optimal quality compared to using soil. Technology development is growing rapidly and has created a lot of IoT (Internet of Things) technology. IoT technology can be implemented in hydroponic methods to produce more accurate and well-managed hydroponic plants so that plants are not treated manually. This method comprises six stages: analysis, planning, implementation, testing, and conclusion. Nutrient control in IoT-based hydroponic plants has been widely researched. Many researchers use different work systems and add new features to improve the quality and quantity of hydroponic plant production. Data control is monitored using an application called HyGrow. In obtaining data and information, the author uses observation and qualitative methods by observing and digging up information directly on the hydroponic system in the RH Farm environment. From the test results obtained, this system has successfully controlled and monitored the acidity, temperature conditions, and humidity in hydroponic plants. The percent accuracy of Nutrition and humidity sensors is 98%.

The problem that often arises now is the increase in living costs while income remains constant. With empty land in the household that is not being utilized optimally, this should be an opportunity for housewives to help improve the household economy. One solution to utilize this empty land is through hydroponic plants. This hydroponic plant uses organic fertilizer so that the hydroponic plant is good for family consumption and distribution in supermarkets. By utilizing hydroponic plants, housewives can help improve the family's economy so that the family's needs can be fully met. In this research, the researcher conducted an interview with one of the housewives who had used her yard through hydroponic plants that she had developed herself since 2017. The aim of the research was to determine the economic improvement experienced by housewives after using the hydroponic system.

Dynamics of micro and macronutrients in a hydroponic nutrient film technique system under lettuce cultivation