Abstract
The present study investigated the moment of peak NF-kB activation and its dissipation in the cortical bone in the femur of Wistar rat stimulated by surgical trauma. Sixty-five Wistar rats were divided into 13 groups (n = 5 per group): eight experimental groups (expG 1–8) divided based on the euthanasia time point (zero, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h) and five sham control groups (conG 1–5) killed at zero, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 6 h, respectively. A 1.8-mm-diameter defect was generated 0.5 mm from the femur proximal joint using a round bur to induce the surgical trauma. Overall, the activation peak of NF-κB in the cortical bone was 6 h (expG5 group) independent of the evaluated position; this peak was significantly different compared to those in the other groups (p < 0.05). The surgical trauma resulted in a spread of immune markings throughout the cortical bone with an accentuation in the knee region. The present study provides the first evidence that the NF-κB activation peak was established after 6 hours in the cortical bone of Wistar rats. The signs from a surgical trauma can span the entire cortical bone and are not limited to the damaged region.
Highlights
Bone is a highly specialized supporting framework characterized by its rigidity, hardness, and power of regeneration and repair
The transcriptional factor was found throughout the osseous cortical, with a slight decline in the trauma regions and positions associated with the detachment trauma
The activation peak of NF-κB in the cortical bone was verified in the expG5 group (6 h) and was independent of the evaluated position, as shown in the graph in Fig 3 and the images of each group in the Fig 4
Summary
Bone is a highly specialized supporting framework characterized by its rigidity, hardness, and power of regeneration and repair. It protects the vital organs, provides an environment for marrow (involved in both blood forming and fat storage), acts as a mineral reservoir for calcium homeostasis and a reservoir for growth factors and cytokines, and plays a role in acid– base balance [1]. All cells in the body constantly communicate with each other under conditions ranging from normal physiological conditions to surgical or accidental injury. An array of regulatory proteins produced and secreted by lymphocytes and other cells play a role in the immune response cascade to trauma [2]. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0140630 October 14, 2015
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