Evaluating Effects of Continuous Occlusion on Visual Letter Identification

Abstract

Visual letter identification refers to humans’ use of a visual system to recognize the 26 letters in the English alphabet. Letters may be partially occluded by nonadjacent small occlusion blocks (called discrete occlusion) or a single occlusion block (called continuous occlusion) in the real world, thereby affecting visual letter identification. The effects caused by discrete occlusion have been investigated in existing research. The results indicate that humans possess the ability to identify partially occluded letters and a large occlusion ratio results in low identification accuracy. However, few studies have explored the effects caused by continuous occlusion and revealed precise reflections on occlusion effects. This study presents an evaluation to explore the effects of continuous occlusion on visual letter identification. A controlled experiment is designed to achieve two research goals: identifying the maximum extent of occlusion ratio (named upper bound) that does not affect visual letter identification and investigating the change patterns of the accuracy of occluded letter identification with the gradual increase in occlusion ratio. The experimental results are analyzed in detail, and three main findings are obtained. First, moderately occluded letters can be accurately identified in a continuous occlusion scene. Second, the precise upper bounds are obtained for each of the 26 letters. Lastly, the change patterns for the 26 letters present three nonlinear decline patterns. The findings could inspire technical advancements in the fields of visualization, computer vision, and healthcare.