Evaluating changes in spatial configuration in Makassar: A space syntax approach

The COVID-19 pandemic has invariably highlighted the critical role of spatial planning in managing public health emergencies, particularly with the need for social distancing. Historically, effective spatial planning has been essential for governments in navigating crises such as floods and earthquakes, employing strategies like designating containment zones, repurposing infrastructure, and constructing temporary facilities. The research focuses on Karachi’s response to the pandemic. It examines how the city’s spatial planning strategies were adapted to meet the challenges of its dense urban environment and socio-economic diversity. As Pakistan’s largest city and economic hub, Karachi confronted significant challenges in balancing public health measures with financial activities. The study investigates how state institutions implemented awareness campaigns and emergency spatial planning, including the creation of quarantine centers, isolation zones, inoculation centers, and modifications to public spaces. Similar to other mega-cities, Karachi is vulnerable to natural disasters and emergencies, as it balances a range of issues that require effective spatial and urban planning. The city’s response to COVID-19 reflects broader trends in emergency planning, highlighting its approach to managing crises through strategic interventions. The study aims to uncover the complex relationship between spatial planning and crisis management by illustrating response timelines, temporary structures taxonomy, and infographics. It offers insights into how cities can better prepare for and respond to future crises. It emphasizes the importance of restructuring governance and adaptive and context-specific planning in urban health management.

Subject of study. Due to the complexity of planning processes and the interest of various parties and entities involved in spatial development and planning procedures, there is an obvious need to create a platform for managing information on spatial development planning. The aim of the study. The purpose of this article is to analyse the driving factors behind the creation of a platform (spatial planning geoportal), which should become a solution for managing, analysing and presenting spatial data related to spatial planning. This article integrates factors from urban regulatory detailed planning, land use planning, the entire life cycle of land management and construction project approval, unifies spatial data, and builds a spatial planning driver system (SPDS) by fusing data. Research methods. To realize the platform concept, we used one of the models used in system and software engineering, known as phased implementation. The concept includes a formal description of the platform’s functionality using a unified modelling language (UML), as well as the point of view of users and stakeholders. Results of work. The functionality of the platform related to spatial planning at the local level and local spatial development is shown. The spatial planning geoportal offered in this article is in line with the spatial planning reform and is intended to help in the implementation of spatial policy at both local and national levels. Based on the results of geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis for sites with under- or overdeveloped urban planning status, the spatial relationship between them and sites with low levels of development is analysed after taking into account the driving factors to identify the impact of the driving factors on urban spatial planning and development. All of this provides new ideas and new methods to help the government plan, control and manage urban development, and can contribute to improving the efficiency and quality of the spatial planning system in Ukraine, as well as in other areas such as local government management and regional planning.

Urbanization, characterized by rapid construction land expansion, has transformed natural landscapes and significantly altered river networks in emerging metropolitan areas. Understanding the historical and current conditions of river networks is crucial for policy-making in sustainable urban development planning. Based on the topographic maps and remote sensing images, this study employs a multi-metric framework to investigate river network variations in the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou metropolitan area, a rapidly urbanized plain with high-density river networks in the Yangtze River Delta, China. The results indicate a significant decline in the quantity of rivers, with the average river density in built-up areas falling from 2.70 km·km−2 in the 1960s to 1.95 km·km−2 in the 2010s, along with notable variations in the river network’s structure, complexity and its storage and regulation capacity. Moreover, shifts in the structural characteristics of river networks reveal that urbanization has a weaker impact on main streams but plays a dominant role in altering tributaries. The analysis demonstrates the extensive burial and modification of rivers across the metropolitan plains. These findings underscore the essence of incorporating river network protection and restoration into sustainable urban planning, providing insights for water resource management and resilient city development in rapidly urbanizing regions.

Problem setting. The article analyzes foreign experience in the preparation and implementation of strategic documents. It also summarizes foreign methodologies and practices of strategic development planning in relation to the tasks and conditions that determine the sustainability of the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The main provisions of strategic documents defining guidelines for spatial development in the countries of the European Union and mechanisms for implementing regional policy through the work of regional development agencies in countries with similar natural resource characteristics of the territory (Canada, Australia, Brazil) are considered. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to develop legal and methodological foundations for spatial planning of urban development, which have not been formed in Ukraine. Purpose of the research is to study topical legal issues related to spatial planning in the context of European integration processes. Analysis of recent researches and publications. There are a lot of Ukrainian researchers who study the problems of spatial planning: O. Malokhlib, M. Shulga, A. I. Ripenko, I. Ignatenko, D. Fedchyshyn, and foreign scientists – H. Gemenetsi, L. Riccia. The works of these authors were devoted to the study of topical issues in the field of urban planning. However, there was no analysis of legislative and doctrinal approaches in European countries to the formation of the spatial planning system. The chosen topic of the scientific article currently requires additional research due to the need to intensify European integration processes and concentrate efforts, in particular, by developing appropriate scientific recommendations for improving Ukrainian legislation on spatial planning and studying, analyzing and adapting the best international practices, trends and modern technologies in the field of spatial planning. Article’s main body. The article examines the target functions and content of spatial planning in European countries from the perspective of a system-integrated methodology. A comparison of the latter with urban planning activities in Ukraine is given. The conceptual and terminological apparatus in the field of spatial planning is revealed. The evolution of ideas in the EU about spatial planning is traced. An overview of the main documents on ensuring spatial planning is given. It is concluded that it is necessary to use the experience of spatial planning accumulated in the EU in Ukraine, especially in terms of involving the population in the examination of projects. In this case, the specifics of Ukrainian natural and socio-economic conditions should be taken into account. A study of spatial planning in Ukraine and an assessment of EU best practices suggests that there are significant differences in the prevailing approaches to spatial planning. So, for example, if in European countries there is a rethinking of the role of the state and civil society in spatial planning and urban development, then in Ukraine, when making management decisions on the functional use of territories, the state approach clearly dominates. The study, analysis and adaptation of the world’s best practices, trends and modern technologies in the field of spatial planning are a necessary condition for the effective development of the spatial planning system and the improvement of its methods in Ukraine. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Effective spatial planning and spatial development in modern conditions are gaining relevance both from the standpoint of the need to solve existing problems and to expand Ukraine’s opportunities for European integration. Spatial planning becomes a particularly important aspect in the context of martial law and post-war reconstruction. Martial law and conflicts can lead to serious changes in the structure and functioning of territories, and recovery requires comprehensive and effective spatial planning. Today, it is worth focusing on the experience of European countries, because it reflects a fairly high level of management efficiency, as well as the peculiarities of the development and implementation of strategic measures in the field of state management of urban planning activities. It is thanks to modern plans and programs that it is possible to effectively use resources of all levels and types, ensure the quality of the habitat, preserve cultural heritage and meet the needs of the community.

Despite the rise to prominence of sustainable planning, the state of urgency and the pressure imposed by the extreme competition between metropolitan territories reduces sustainability to a market-oriented doctrine for deregulated urban development. The aim of this article is an exploration of the current Athenian urban crisis, by centring on sustainable urban development plans, territorial planning institutions, and urban policies. To this end, the phenomenon of urban crisis is explained as a derivative of the failure of sustainability reforms. By establishing a link between the institutional framework governing urban development and the success or failure of sustainability reforms, this article seeks to contribute to the discussion around the attainability, scope and impact of sustainable urban development plans. Through the hypothesis that as long as territorial planning is used as means towards speculative urban development, it will only be equivalent to that of a real estate facilitating mechanism, it is argued that the urban development model of Athens, as well as the role that institutions have in its shaping, is incompatible with any notion of sustainability. The main contribution of this article is to potentially help towards developing a critical reflection on how projects, plans, territories and sustainability should be approached.

Urbanization in developing countries like Ethiopia is taking place at an unprecedented rate. This, coupled with the rapid industrialization process, puts enormous pressure on preparing and implementing city spatial plans. As a result, most development in many cities is taking place without clear planning guidelines and lacks the institutional capacity to realize effectively the urban spatial plans. Galan and Dukem cities, located near the capital Addis Ababa, have attracted substantial industrial development investment in recent decades. This article examines the nexus between urban spatial planning and industrial development by analyzing the current urban structure plans of the two cities using institutionalist and political economy approaches. The research methodology involves key informant interviews, an expert survey, personal observation, and reviewing secondary sources. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The EFA identifies three latent variables that affect urban spatial planning performances, including the level of institutions' and actors' involvement, the state of spatial plan implementation, and the lack of public participation in planning and implementation processes. These three dimensions explain 75% of the total variations, with each accounting for 35%, 24%, and 16% respectively. The study argues that the lack of planned investment allocation and poor urban spatial plan-making and implementation hinder sustainable urban development and result in haphazard development. The successful implementation of urban spatial plans requires the involvement of various actors and strong institutional support. Therefore, urban spatial decisions need to receive policy attention to ensure efficient and sustainable urban and industrial development.

In the implementation of spatial planning involves two components: natural and human, with their interaction. Interaction of the both causes a conflict of interest and will also affect the ecosystem and social system. The spatial plan needs to be regulated as an institution to achieve the spatial orderly. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study was to obtain structural institutional models in the implementation of spatial regulations. Data obtained by depth interviews in 75 (seventy five) interviewees. Data processed by the methods of ISM (Interpretive Structural Model). The conclusions of this research are: (i) the regulation direction which is the task of the government in spatial planning must consider the welfare of the people, the human right, and indigenous peoples rights as outlined in the form of spatial structure plan, spatial pattern plan, and the establishment of strategic areas. Spatial planning will go well in the event orderly. Orderly space will be achieved when people pay attention to the direction of zoning, the direction of licensing, intensive disincentives, the direction of sanctions, minimum service standards and monitoring procedures. (ii) The control and supervision of a government authority that is guided by the spatial structure plan, spatial pattern plan, and the determination of strategic areas as outlined in the form national spatial planning, wich in details contained in the main indication of the development program, land uses, water control, air uses, and spatial planning provincial strtegic areas. (iii) The position of the government in spatial planning, in accordance goverment of the structure beginning with spatial of national planning and thereafter in accordance with the following order: long- term development plan/annual, spatial plans (regency/city), reference of the traditional village, the main indication of the development program, land uses, water control, air uses, and spatial planning provincial strtegic areas.

Teaching and Learning Guide for: Sustainable Development and Environmental Justice in African Cities

In Ethiopia, rapid urbanization has been transforming land-use regimes as cities regenerate and expand, incorporating peri-urban spaces and changing their physical and human landscapes. This study explores the challenges and opportunities of this transformation on peri-urban spaces in the Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) to inform future urban development planning and practice. It focuses on selected peri-urban areas in three metropolitan areas of ANRS —Bahir Dar, Dessie, and Gondar. It employs a phenomenological approach to interpreting data collected through focus group discussion, key-informant and in-depth interviews and observation. Its findings depict these peri-urban spaces rife with poor governance, tenure insecurity, livelihood crises, youth marginalization, and environmental pollution while opportunities were limited, unsustainable, and parochial. It concludes with remarks on the characteristic experiences of urban expansion and the need for effective involvement of stakeholders and residents to enable inclusive and sustainable urban development planning and implementation in peri-urban spaces.

The spatial planning and policy framework and associated implementing tools in South Africa have undergone fundamental changes since the onset of the democratic era in 1994. The effectiveness and influence of urban spatial planning on restructuring South African cities are however increasingly being questioned and there remains a surprising paucity of empirical evidence to evaluate the impact of these plans. Seven key challenges are identified as impacting on the effectiveness of urban spatial planning in the democratic era. The responses to these challenges as reflected by the urban spatial plans of a cross-section of cities indicate moderate levels of progress with improving the horizontal and vertical alignment of spatial planning processes and with the integration of sustainability principles into spatial planning. Some limited improvement was noted with the understanding of the urban space economy and the alignment of infrastructure development and capital investment with spatial planning. However, very little progress is evident with the principle of physical and social economic integration of cities, considering the informal sector in mainstream spatial planning processes, and with the use of appropriate indicators and quantified targets to monitor the implementation and impact of spatial plans. The application of innovative spatial and statistical techniques will not only greatly enhance the understanding of these issues, but will also provide the basis for formulating appropriate and robust indicators and targets to monitor the impact of spatial plans.

Analyzing urban population data using generalized gamma model and wave-spectrum relation: A case study of Kaohsiung

Carry out spatial planning and achieve justice for all parties involved in the spatial planning process. The implementation of spatial planning is carried out based on spatial planning which functions as a reference for spatial utilization activities, including investment activities and issuance of business permits. The product of spatial planning is in the form of spatial plans which are divided into national spatial plans (RTRWN), national strategic area spatial plans (RTR KSN), island, regency/city regional spatial layout plans (RTRW) and detailed spatial planning plans (RDTR ). The purpose of this work is the realization of a Real-Time RDTR application that has minimal errors and the use and utilization of the Real-Time RDTR Application by spatial planning forums and stakeholders related to spatial planning, especially state apparatus in various regions. related theory, practice of using the application, question and answer and also discussion with the participants. .Training This application will help RDTRs that have regional regulations but are not yet integrated with OSS, thus helping spatial planning forums to make confirmation/approval decisions on the conformity of spatial use activities (KKPR) which are still manual, assisting the RDTR revision process and socializing this real time RDTR application so that Spatial planning forums or regional governments are not afraid to use them.

• Programme to integrate spatial planning and energy planning. • Creating strategic database for energy transition in spatial planning. • Applying strategic maps to harmonize district heating, mobility and spatial development. • Applying energy transition thinking for sustainable spatial planning. • Holistic implementation programme for scientific knowledge in local spatial planning. How we plan our towns, cities and regions is inseparably connected to energy demand, greenhouse gas emissions and the way how we can manage the transition to sustainable renewable energy systems. Therefore, we propose that integrated spatial and energy planning is an important part of energy transition and climate protection strategies. In this article, we discuss how the energy transition and spatial planning can be holistically integrated, and how this theoretical framework combining the factual findings of integrated spatial and energy planning and strategic concepts of spatial planning can be put into practice in municipal spatial planning. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach in an action research process in the Austrian Province of Styria involving the Government representatives, municipalities and spatial planners. The whole approach includes, as tangible outputs a strategic database, strategic maps, and a planning guidance for municipalities on the one hand, and a further education programme for planners and municipal decision makers on the other hand. Finally, the applicability, transferability and limitations of the approach are discussed. As the approach is not only established in Styria, but at the moment also put forward in two further Provinces so that we can, in total, cover about 63% of all Austrian municipalities with this approach, we also propose that this approach can serve as a role model not only for local and regional energy transition and climate protection policies around the world, but also for shaping third mission activities of universities.

The paper analyses the planning framework for sustainable territorial and regional development. The spatial and environmental planning should play the key role in coordination and integration of different planning grounds in achieving the sustainable regional development. The paper discusses the spatial planning capacity to offer the integral view of the sustainable territorial development. The brief review of tendencies in new spatial planning and regional policy has been given. The focus is on the concept of balanced polycentric development of European Union. The guiding principles of spatial planning in regard of planning system reform in European countries have been pointed out. The changes in paradigm of regional policy, and the tasks of European regional spatial planning have been discussed. In Serbia problems occur in regard with the lack of coordinating sectoral planning with spatial and environmental planning. Partly the problem lies in the legal grounds, namely in non codification of laws and unregulated horizontal and vertical coordination at all levels of governance. The possibilities for the implementation of spatial planning principles and concepts of European Union sustainable territorial and regional development have been analyzed on the case of three regional spatial plans of eastern and southeastern regions in Serbia. The disadvantages in implementing the strategic environmental impact assessment as an instrument for coordination and integration of sectorial planning with spatial and environmental planning have been analyzed. The strategic environmental impact assessment has been implemented only in the spatial planning process. Through spatial planning process its feedback effect on sectorial planning has been indirectly achieved. The priority actions in Serbia for achieving the spatial and environmental planning role in coordination and integration of different planning grounds in sustainable regional development have been given.

Local wisdom represents an embodiment of traditional knowledge articulated in values, norms, and practices understood by communities in interaction with their natural environment, including hukum kearifan lokal (local wisdom law), which has developed and been practiced across generations within particular communities. This study aims to examine the position of local wisdom within urban spatial planning at the regional government level. A qualitative approach was employed using library research, with documentation techniques as the primary means of data collection, followed by descriptive analysis. The findings show that realizing a substantive role for local wisdom in urban spatial planning within regional governments requires planned and continuous guidance by local authorities involving various community elements, such as customary leaders, religious figures, and environmental advocates. Through the accommodation of local wisdom as a community asset in spatial planning policies and practices, implemented collaboratively by regional governments, indigenous communities, and customary leaders, local wisdom can be more substantively integrated into urban spatial management. These findings imply the need to strengthen the role of regional governments in institutionalizing local wisdom as a moral, social, and ecological foundation for sustainable urban spatial planning policies.