Abstract
Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of nanocinnamon gel on salivary concentrations of cytokines: interleukine-6( IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) in chronic gingivitis.Material and Methods: prepared nanocinnamon gel 2% concentration from nanocinnamon powder. The study was carried out on the randomized clinical trial of chronic gingivitis comprises of 45 patients of age between (18-50)years old .They were divided into three groups, fifteen for each group , treatment involved mechanical therapy by scaling and polishing at dental clinic and drug treatment in which the first group applied to the mechanical treatment alone, , second group received chlorhexidine gel topically and third group received nanocinnamon gel topically , the treated groups used the gel twice daily at least ten minute for three weeks. Unstimulated saliva was collected for each individuals and at least two hours after any food intake to disregard the food stimulatory effect on salivary secretions. ELISA kits (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) used to measure IL-6 and TNF-α in saliva . Data were analyzed using kruscal-wallias H test and Friedmans̓ test analysis range test. Results: the results of present study showed that there were no significant differences in salivary IL-6 among groups after treatment however , there were significantly decreasing in salivary TNF-α of nanocinnamon group after 21 days of interval therapy in comparison to control group. Conclusion :The use of nanocinnamon gel have anti-inflammatory effect against gingivitis and the changes in the salivary concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α can help in the diagnosis of periodontal disease
Highlights
Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gingival tissue that takes place in response to the germs that live in biofilms at the gingival boundary and in the sulcus.It is characterized by of erythema, edema, bleeding after probing and blunting of the interdental papillae[1]
Mechanical removal of the plaque usually results in the arrest of the inflammatory disease and in the case of gingivitis, returns of the gingival tissue to normal with no tissue destruction and loss of attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth [2].Saliva is a secretory product of the salivary glands producing stability in the oral cavity [3].Saliva maintains the proper environment of the oral cavity and a proper amount of saliva ensures the integrity of the oral mucosa and periodontal tissues[4] Nanoparticles (NPs)are tiny ingredients having size ranges from 1 to 100 nm and its retain unique chemical and physical properties due to their great surface area and nanoscale size [5]
IL-6 was measured by using Salimetrix salivary IL-6 (ELISA) kit (USA),while TNF-α was measured by using MyBioSource.com human TNF-α ( Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)) kit, these were based on Standard Sandwich-ELISA Assay Technology
Summary
Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gingival tissue that takes place in response to the germs that live in biofilms at the gingival boundary and in the sulcus.It is characterized by of erythema, edema, bleeding after probing and blunting of the interdental papillae[1]. Mechanical removal of the plaque usually results in the arrest of the inflammatory disease and in the case of gingivitis, returns of the gingival tissue to normal with no tissue destruction and loss of attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth [2].Saliva is a secretory product of the salivary glands producing stability in the oral cavity [3].Saliva maintains the proper environment of the oral cavity and a proper amount of saliva ensures the integrity of the oral mucosa and periodontal tissues[4] Nanoparticles (NPs)are tiny ingredients having size ranges from 1 to 100 nm and its retain unique chemical and physical properties due to their great surface area and nanoscale size [5]. The idea of a biomarker emerged from understanding the need to be able to track health status, vulnerability to disease, progression, resolution and result of care with respect to a variety of specific medical conditions [12].Biomarkers were defined as "cellular, biochemical, molecular, or genetic changes whereby a normal, abnormal, or biological process can be identified or monitored"[3].Differential host responses are thought to contribute to different susceptibilities which play an important
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