Abstract
Electric Vehicle (EV) technologies offer a leading-edge solution for clean transportation and have evolved substantially in recent years. The growing market and policies of governments predict EV massive penetration shortly; however, their large deployment faces some resistances such as the high prices compared to Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) cars, the required infrastructure, the liability for novelty and standardisation. During winter periods of cold countries, since the use of heating systems increases, the peak power may produce stress to the grid. This fact, combined with EVs high penetration, during charging periods inside of high consumption hours might overload the network, becoming a threat to its stability. This article presents a framework to evaluate load shifting strategies to reschedule the EV charging to lower grid load periods. The undesirable “rebound” effect of load shifting strategies is confirmed, leading us to our EV local overnight charging strategy (EV-ONCS). Our strategy combines the forecast of residential demand using probabilistic distribution from historical consumption, prediction of the EV expected availability to charge and the charging strategy itself. EV-ONCS avoids demand rebound of classic methods and allows a peak-to-average ratio reduction demonstrating the relief for the grid with very low implementation cost.
Highlights
Electric vehicles (EV) technologies, including hybrid, plug-in hybrid and full-electric cars, emerge as leading options to reduce the transport sector’s carbon footprint through its electrification
The first one is related to the Distribution System Operators (DSO), the second to the customers, determining their acceptance and enrolment to the programs and the third is related to emissions avoidance
We want to affect the amount of CO2 we want to avoid; depending on the level of integration of Electric Vehicle (EV), there is an impact on the reduction in CO2 and is essentially related to fossil fuel, e.g., litres of gasoline or diesel avoided by replacing conventional cars with electric vehicles
Summary
Electric vehicles (EV) technologies, including hybrid, plug-in hybrid and full-electric cars, emerge as leading options to reduce the transport sector’s carbon footprint through its electrification. For the province of Quebec in Canada, where the percentage of electric cars and trucks is less than two per cent, the government has recently announced the ban on the sale of new gasoline-powered cars by 2035. This program includes small cars, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), vans and pick-up trucks for personal use. This strategy, followed by other provinces in Canada, is a part of the 2030 Plan for a Green Economy (PEV 2030) to help the province to meet emissions reduction targets [4]. For the case of Canada, 75% of the energy generated is electrical, and the electrification of transportation is presented as a promising solution for Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions reduction
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