Eutanasia: Implicaciones etico-jurídicas del médico ante la Resolución 971/2021 del Ministerio de Salud en Colombia

The article notes that the sources of legitimacy were different in ancient and medieval times than today. It is emphasized that the concept of legitimacy in China emerged from a complex interplay of philosophical ideas, cultural beliefs, and historical precedents. The Mandate of Heaven, Confucianism, and legalism each provided different sources through which rulers sought to legitimize their authority. In ancient Greece, the concept of legitimacy arose from a combination of civic participation, philosophical thoughts, mythological narratives, and the pursuit of virtue. In ancient India, however, the concept of legitimacy was deeply rooted in the rich tapestry of spiritual, social and philosophical ideals. Dharma served as a spiritual compass that guided rulers to maintain cosmic order and ethical principles. The article also notes that the sources of legitimacy in ancient Rome were multifaceted, based on a combination of mythology, legal foundations, religious symbolism, and the ability to ensure stability and prosperity. In medieval Europe, the concept of legitimacy was shaped by the complex dynamics of feudal relations, religious beliefs, and evolving political structures. In medieval Islam, the concept of legitimacy was deeply rooted in the caliphate, the implementation of the Sharia and the pledge of allegiance. The interaction of political and religious factors determined the sources of legitimacy, emphasizing the importance of rulers to rule according to Islamic principles. The scientific result of the article, the novelty and importance of the work is that it shows how the concept of legitimacy changes over time and space and the impact of these changes on the management structure of societies. The author emphasizes that the sources of legitimacy in ancient and medieval times, unlike in the modern era, originated more from religious, philosophical and cultural contexts. The novelty of the work is the comparative presentation of specific models of legitimacy in ancient China, Greece, India and Rome, as well as in medieval Europe and the Islamic world. The main hypothesis is that the sources of legitimacy were formed according to the social, economic and ideological realities of the time and had a direct impact on the management mechanisms. The importance of the work is that it provides an opportunity to better understand the dynamics of legitimacy in the modern era and build effective governance structures by learning from its historical models. This approach creates a new perspective for both philosophical and political-legal studies.

The introduction discusses the evolving conceptualizations and policies of human societies since the antiquity regarding the rights and duties of people. The attention is focused on codes of conduct and institutions of societal support for poor and weak people and to the gradually evolving notions of natural law, human rights, common good, as well as to mutual aid societies in Ancient Greece, Rome, and Christianity. The rise of objective and subjective individual rights in Medieval Christianity is discussed, as well as their elaboration in the political realm by the thinkers of the first and second Enlightenment. Special attention is placed also on the evolution of the notion of civil society in the Ancient Rome and Greece, in the 17th century Dutch Republic, in the Enlightenment and subsequent intellectual and political milieux. The historical excursus ends with an overview of the pluri-millennial march of humankind toward human rights up to the 1948 UDHR, which incorporates three traditions of rights: a) the civil–political rights of the Enlightenment as well as the English, American, and French Revolutions; b) the socio-economic rights of the nineteenth century political revolutions; and c) the solidarity rights of the twentieth century.

The formation of human rights and freedoms in the teachings of philosophers of ancient Greece and Rome

The Lancet Commission on cancer and health systems: harnessing synergies to achieve solutions

A New Healthcare Alliance: Consumer Engagement in the New Healthcare Economy

Various kinds of textiles were used to furnish domestic spaces in Antiquity, such as curtains, covers, hangings, pillows, cushions, mattresses, rugs, tapestries, tablecloths, and towels. These objects have practical and everyday functions, they embellish and add to daily comfort in the house and speak to the owner’s prosperity. Being made of perishable materials, furnishings have, on the whole, not survived in ancient Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. Apart from a few excavated pieces of textiles found in tombs, our information comes primarily from written testimonia and iconography. It is thus essential to consider soft furnishings in their own right, in order to better identify their vocabulary in the literary sources. In the private context, furnishings offer glimpses of the domestic life rarely documented in texts. In the religious context, furnishings provide clues for the interior sacred space, the cultic furniture, the various ceremonies that took place (opening and closing the curtains in front of the divine statue, arranging dishes on a nape, washing, and wiping hands during ablution rituals, etc.), and their luxurious production. Furthermore, the terminology of soft furnishings gives information about their material appearance, method of manufacture, and decoration, and should therefore be fully included in the economic and technical history of textile crafts in antiquity. This article examines the terminologies of soft furnishings in three contexts: Babylonia in the 1st millennium BC, ancient Greece (5th–1st centuries BC) and the Roman world (3rd BC–3rd centuries AD). The observation of the vocabulary of soft furnishings in three different contexts and periods of the ancient world reveals common points, evolutions, circulation of objects, and uses.

Changes in medicine domestically and globally are transforming primary care in the United States. Many have suggested that primary care is in crisis or at least at a crossroads in the United States. The Annals of Internal Medicine recently devoted much of one issue to this topic.1 Primary care for children and adolescents, however, was not addressed specifically. This article focuses on pediatrics and identifies potential roles and new models for primary care pediatrics. The Institute of Medicine has defined primary care as “the provision of integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community.”2 Starfield3 has defined 4 attributes of primary care including first-contact care, longitudinality, comprehensiveness, and coordination. September 11, 2001, the anthrax scare, and emerging threats such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have brought a new focus on the importance of individual-level contacts in addressing population-level threats. Before these world events, however, primary care pediatrics was already grappling with its identity and responding to significant changes in medical systems, science, and family needs. The pace and scope of these changes are such that primary care pediatricians of the future will not be performing the same role as today. Historically, American medicine has tended to be reactive rather than proactive in defining its roles in society. However, dynamic change demands collective reflection; it is time to be proactive in assessing the needs of patients, exploring potential roles as health care providers, and developing the mechanisms to redefine the primary care pediatrician of the future. Projecting future trends requires reflection on the history of the profession of preventive pediatrics. In the 1800s, few physicians in the United States routinely … Address correspondence to Tina L. Cheng, MD, MPH, Johns Hopkins University Department of Pediatrics, 600 N Wolfe St, Park 392, Baltimore, MD 21287. E-mail: tcheng2{at}jhmi.edu

Gods, Goddesses, and Mortals for the 21st Century: The Reinstallation of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts Collection of Ancient Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Art

Introdução: A medicina vem conquistando alto poder tecnológico, imprescindível para muitos diagnósticos e tratamentos atuais. Por outro lado, observa-se o distanciamento do médico do que deve ser seu instrumento de trabalho: a pessoa. A Escola Bahiana de Medicina vem implementando ações que visam integrar o estudante aos elementos subjetivos da prática médica, através de matérias como a Psicodinâmica da Clínica Médica. Objetivos: Retratar a realidade do ensino da disciplina Psicodinâmica na Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública; avaliar o desempenho da matéria Psicodinâmica, ministrada no 7° semestre do curso de medicina, bem como a necessidade do ensino de fundamentos humanísticos perante a comunidade discente dessa escola. Métodos: Estudo de caso realizado através de análise documental, entrevista com professor da matéria e aplicação de questionário. Após aprovação do Comitê de ética, aplicaram-se questionários contendo sexo, idade, ano do curso, perguntas referentes aos assuntos desenvolvidos na matéria tais quais relação médico-paciente, morte e morrer, vocação médica e humanização etc. Resultados: O objetivo da psicodinâmica é propiciar uma visão integral do paciente. Quanto aos questionários, foram respondidos por 124 alunos distribuídos entre as 4ª, 5ª e 6ª séries. 88,7% concordam que a matéria forneceu bases para estabelecer uma relação médico-paciente eficaz. 91,2% concordam que a matéria chamou atenção para o aspecto terapêutico que pode ter a relação médico-paciente. 99,2% concordam que para atender com humanidade é preciso primeiro, humanizar-se. 71% dos alunos concordam que a matéria ajudou a diminuir a angústia e a culpa por não poder curar todos seus pacientes. 86,3% dos alunos concordam com a necessidade do ensino de fundamentos humanísticos durante todo o curso. Conclusões: A Psicodinâmica da Clínica médica vem atingindo os objetivos propostos. Há necessidade do ensino de fundamentos humanísticos durante todo curso de medicina.

Comparative effectiveness research stalls in the USA

Quality Management in Healthcare System; where we stand?

It turns out that where homoeroticism is granted full social sanction, as it was in Rome, it flourishes ... Men, we learn from ancient Rome, will enjoy with other men, if there is no social censure ... And so now we come back to the idyllic day of free choice and tolerance envisioned by the gay and lesbian movement. Joshua Berman Without dispute, the understood schemata for relations in the ancient world significantly diverge from those of the modern world, especially those that mediated behavior in same-sex or social relations. Same-sex relations in ancient Rome--and in fact, all relations--were largely predicated on notions of power, of domination and submission, and of social class. (1) As Marilyn Skinner notes, Sex relations were structured hierarchically, in contrast to our ideal of equality between the partners, and the gender roles of active and passive partner were not tied to sex--for the person in the submissive role, at least, structural 'femininity' was the consequence of lower status, not sex (19). (2) As far as a male Roman citizen's reputation (3) was concerned, the biological gender of his partner(s) did not establish his identity--it was his role as the active or submissive partner that legitimated or damaged his public as a masculine subject (see Miller and Platter; Wray 59-61). Despite what is often believed, there was not identity in ancient Rome per se (Wray 171-72). (4) There was no word for sexual or sexuality in Greece or Rome, but rather we find ta aphrodisia (matters of Aphrodite) in Greek or terms limited to body parts or specific acts in Latin (Skinner 3; See Parker 48-50). (5) Despite the wide acceptance among scholars of the ancient world that erotic behavior was dictated by social rules and notions of power rather than biology, contemporary writers and human rights activists who discuss homosexual continue to situate its beginning in the ancient world and, often, present this presumed foundational point of homosexual as a utopia in which a homosexual was accepted publicly, rather than pushed into the confines of a closet. Simultaneously, radical opponents of gay rights appeal to this same historical vision as a warning of the potential consequences were full civil equality for gay people granted. Both contemporary and ancient writers often appeal to a prelapsarian golden age/utopia to mediate the struggle for the constitution of their identities. Contemporary male homosexual identity, the defining characteristic of which, according to society, is physical same-sex acts, (6) often seeks to legitimate itself by citing a past, lost sense of a publicly accepted homosexual identity; however, same-sex acts in ancient Greece and Rome did not establish a homosexual but rather an assertion or disavowal of a masculine identity. Although same-sex relations are widely depicted in the ancient world, we find few texts that depict modern same-sex relationships. Indeed, the idea that we can pin down exactly what same-sex relationships were like in the ancient world has been contested by more than one scholar (see for example, Drinkwater; James 6 (7); Nikoloutsos, Beyond Sex, esp. 55, 76 and The Boy as Metaphor 27). (8) I do not wish to discount these arguments, particularly in the realm of the aesthetically rigid genre of Latin elegy, in which the poems are heavily constructed, interconnected, and often not about what the surface level dialog or action a particular poem contains. This paper aims to show, through Tibullus 1.4, a concrete example of an articulation of masculine grounded in an appeal to the past that exemplifies not only the same-sex freedom appealed to by the gay community, but also the anxiety over the supposed seductive, overpowering, and dangerous force of male same-sex behavior opponents of human rights point to in order to deny these rights to the GLBT community. …

BackgroundCoronavirus (COVID-19) is posing a major and unprecedented challenge to health service planning and delivery across health systems internationally. This nationally funded study is analysing the response of the Colombian health system to the COVID-19 pandemic, drawing on qualitative case studies of three local health systems within the country. The approach will be informed by the concept of ‘major system change’—or coordinated change among a variety of healthcare organizations and other relevant stakeholders— to identify processes that both enable and inhibit adaptation of health services to the challenges presented by COVID-19. The study will collect information on capacity ‘bottlenecks’ as well as successful practices and forms of innovation that have emerged locally, which have the potential for being ‘scaled up’ across Colombia’s health services.Methods/designThis qualitative study will be undertaken in two phases. In the first, up to 30 stakeholder interviews will be conducted to ascertain immediate challenges and opportunities for improvement in response to COVID-19 that can be shared in a timely way with health service leaders to inform health service planning. The stakeholders will include planning, provider and intermediary organizations within the health system at the national level. In the second, up to 60 further interviews will be conducted to develop in-depth case studies of three local health systems at the metropolitan area level within Colombia. The interview data will be supplemented with documentary analysis and, where feasible, non-participant observation of planning meetings.DiscussionThe study’s findings will aid evaluation of the relevance of the concept of major system change in a context of ‘crisis’ decision-making and contribute to international lessons on improving health systems’ capacity to respond to COVID-19 and future pandemics. Study findings will be shared among various stakeholders in the Colombian healthcare system in a formative and timely way in order to inform healthcare planning in response to COVID-19 and future pandemics. Conducting the study at a time of COVID-19 raises a number of practical issues (including physical distancing and pressure on health services) which have been anticipated in the study design and research team’s ways of working.

Health systems face a broad range of evolving challenges: from infectious cross-border threats to climate change, potential backlogs caused by the pandemic and the concurrent burden of non-communicable diseases growing worldwide. They need to be dynamic to respond in ways that help them achieve their goals and adapt to an ever-changing landscape of health system stressors. While improving health and care systems is primarily the responsibility of Member States within the European Union (EU), the EU has a wide range of instruments that can potentially provide support. However, they are scattered across different policy areas and, for most of them, health systems strengthening is not among the principal objectives. This can make it challenging for Member States to identify, combine and make best use of the different support options in an effective way. The objective of this workshop will be to provide an overview of the different types of available EU instruments, while also delineating a range of practical examples of how countries have used them to address health system challenges and implement large-scale change. The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies will kick off the workshop with a keynote presentation of its policy brief “EU support for improving health and care systems”, conceived in cooperation with the 2021 Slovenian Presidency of the EU Council as a toolbox for policy makers trying to navigate and maximise the potential of EU support tools. Beyond having to identify the best possible tools for health system transformation, policy makers must pave the way for system change and propel the implementation of innovative solutions at national, regional, and local levels. The new European Partnership on “Transforming Health and Care Systems” under Horizon Europe will join the workshop to discuss how to best support policy makers in bringing about organisational change and ensure European populations get access to innovative, sustainable, and high-quality health care. In addition, the workshop will give voice to insights from other relevant stakeholders, including a country-level perspective from Slovenia, an EU Member State which has successfully leveraged EU support to strengthen its health system in the past. This viewpoint will be complemented by an outlook from the European Commission into current priorities and upcoming opportunities under the most relevant EU support instruments for health systems, including EU4Health and Horizon Europe. Finally, the presenters and panellists will engage in an interactive discussion with the audience to help participants consider the possibilities and challenges of using EU tools for health system strengthening and to support them in designing their own initiatives. Key messages • Reaping maximal benefits of EU support requires combining various instruments. • Health system transformation is a context-specific process, yet it can greatly benefit from cross-country learning.

Review Article| January 01 2020 Household Gods: Private Devotion in Ancient Greece and Rome by Alexandra Sofroniew Sofroniew, Alexandra, Household Gods: Private Devotion in Ancient Greece and Rome (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2016), 160 pp. Richard Jenkyns Richard Jenkyns Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Common Knowledge (2020) 26 (1): 184–185. https://doi.org/10.1215/0961754X-7899964 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Richard Jenkyns; Household Gods: Private Devotion in Ancient Greece and Rome by Alexandra Sofroniew. Common Knowledge 1 January 2020; 26 (1): 184–185. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0961754X-7899964 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsCommon Knowledge Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2020 Duke University Press2020 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: LITTLE REVIEWS You do not currently have access to this content.