Abstract
Summary Euspermatozoa (fertilizing sperm) of Epitonium sp. consist of a conical acrosomal vesicle (featuring an apical bleb, and accompanied by an axial rod, basal plate and accessory membrane); a solid, rod-shaped nucleus with a shallow centriolar invagination at its base; a midpiece composed of a 9 + 2 axoneme surrounded by 7–8 helical mitochondria; an annulus; a glycogen piece (axoneme surrounded by nine tracts of granules; and a short end piece. Morphologically these cells resemble not only those of other Janthinoidea (other Epitoniidae and the Janthinidae) but also euspermatozoa of several other groups of Caenogastropoda. Eusperm and parasperm ultrastructure supports a close relationship between the Janthinoidea and the Triphoroidea (Triphoridae, Cerithiopsidae). Sperm data also clearly demonstrate that the Janthinoidea have no connection with the heterobranch superfamilies Architectonicoidea or Pyramidelloidea.
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