Euroméditerranée: The Mute Streets of Marseille

Parking Retrofits within Historic City Centers and the Potential Effects on Their Walkability: A Comparison of San Luis Obispo and Davis, California

After the first industrial revolution, urbanization level worldwide has increased rapidly. As the largest developing country in the world, China has witnessed a rapid improvement in its urbanization level in recent years. Nevertheless, the quality of urbanization has not been improved simultaneously. The relationship between the level and the quality of urbanization has thus become a hot topic for researchers. By introducing the concept and model of decoupling in the field of resources and environment into the analysis of urbanization level and quality, this study evaluated the relationship between urbanization level and urbanization quality of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2014. It was found that: (1) The urbanization level and urbanization quality in China are unbalanced because the former is growing in a faster rate than the latter. The average urbanization level of China has increased by 27.40% from 42.99% in 2005 to 54.77% in 2014, while the increase of urbanization quality, however, is much slower with only 11.21% for the same period. It can be concluded that China has paid more attention to urbanization level than urbanization quality. (2) From 2005 to 2014, the relationship between China’s urbanization level and quality showed a total of eight decoupling states, of which the main ones were strong negative decoupling (non-ideal state) and growth negative decoupling (close to ideal state), accounting for 38.32% and 33.49% of the total number of samples in China, respectively. (3) The change of urbanization level and urbanization quality in China can be divided into two stages: for the first stage from 2005 to 2010, with rapid improvement in urbanization level, and the other from 2011 to 2014, with rapid improvement in urbanization quality. (4) Spatially, the areas with significant decoupling between urbanization level and urbanization quality are mainly distributed in underdeveloped areas such as the west; and the decoupling presents the spatial pattern of the highest in the west, the second in the middle, and the lowest in the east.

Urban Squares in Late Bronze Age Ugarit: a Street View on Ancient Near Eastern Governance

Due to the changes are generally happened in the architecture and the architectural design process, and especially in the inheritance houses design fields. Because of the large increase in the demands for houses in the world. In Addition to that, the imported concepts and shapes from the foreign architecture in the Islamic Arabic architecture. The Islamic inheritance houses had suffered from the problem of contemporary transformations and threat urban structure. For the previous reasons this research will discuss the research problem which is; what are the characteristics of sustainable efficient spaces in Islamic inheritance houses. The research objective is to explore the sustainable traditional efficient elements to use it in the contemporary hosing; to sustain the Islamic traditional heritage and Islamic identity. This Study has a try to investigate the pheno-type and geno-type of the sustainable efficient spaces of Islamic inheritance houses (tradition inheritance houses). Research methodology will be inductive method through making surveying for the efficient spaces in selected traditional cases study in Arabian cities. Five distinguished inheritance houses in Bahrain as cases study have been selected: “Sheikh Issa Ibin ali Inheritance houses”, “Seiady Inheritance houses in Moharaq”, “the inheritance houses of Sheikh Salmaan”, “the inheritance houses of Ahmed Khalaf” and “the inheritance houses of Yusuf Redha in Manama”. These five inheritance houses are similar to many Islamic inheritance houses in Arabian cities and they are the most Islamic traditional reputed inheritance houses in the Gulf area. The study has try to investigate pheno-type, geno-type for the efficient spaces in Islamic inheritance houses. The study finds number of pheno-types, genotypes and another characteristic for sustainable efficient elements. The research finds that; the genetic features in the Islamic selected inheritance houses have three efficient spaces. The efficient spaces are “specific, specific-general and general”. Those spaces are opened to a certain courtyard, or they are sharing the same one. And probably one of the previous spaces has more than one courtyard. So; there are clear separation for these efficient spaces in the Islamic inheritance houses, through the concept of the hierarchy from (Specific spaces) then (Specific-General spaces) then to the (General spaces). All selected inheritance houses have another characteristic; they have the fact that the privacies in the ground floor is less than the privacy in the first floor.

The article is devoted to the generalization of the experience accumulated by our research group in the research of virtual communities of the working youth (2019-2021). The purpose of the article is to construct a comprehensive methodology for the socio-logical monitoring of social networks of the working youth. The main research objectives were: to analyze modern approaches to conducting monitoring research (including on the Internet); based on the methodology of discourse analysis, to consider the use of methods of frequent and infrequent content analysis for processing the collected information in monitoring mode; to present the stages of monitoring communities of the working youth in social networks, using the example of research conducted within the framework of the project Life strategies of young people referring to the new working class in modern Russia. As a part of the empirical data analysis, the results of a study of virtual communities and social networks groups of the Russian working youth in the field of customer service in the VKontakte social network, carried out in 2021 (6 virtual communities, 133 text posts and the most popular memes) are presented in detail. The stability of thematic categories of virtual group communication in comparison with previous studies and the presence of group identity among Russian working youth referring to the custom service sphere. Conclusions are made regarding the preference of a non-automated approach to the collection and analysis of social network content; about the validity of using the methodology of discourse analysis and content analysis methods for the research of youth social networks in the mode of sociological monitoring.

The global outbreak of COVID-19 poses a severe threat to various frontiers of life, which has attracted the wide attention of the government and the people to the epidemic disease. Various industries, therefore, have formulated epidemic prevention measures. The city’s public spaces are the main areas of close contact with people, which is the difficulty and critical point of epidemic prevention, especially in ancient cities with dense buildings. This article takes the city of Edinburgh in the UK as an example to explore the current situation and spatial problems of public space in residential areas along the street in the post-epidemic era by questionnaire survey. Meanwhile, this study also discusses and proposes measures to optimize the spatial contradictions of commercial spaces on the ground floor affected by the epidemic. Results show that commercial spaces on the ground floor are urban spaces with a highly dense crowd, high-risk disease diffusion, and relatively inferior control capability during the epidemic. Many ancient buildings in Edinburgh that have been preserved for hundreds of years also have some drawbacks such as narrow interior space and poor ventilation conditions, exacerbating the spread of the epidemic. By contrast, green space is more conducive to epidemic prevention and control. Combined with the advantages of green space, it is suggested to introduce green plants and improve ventilation of commercial spaces to reduce the spread of the epidemic, such as green plants separating spaces and ventilation filtering air.

This study was aimed at determining the characteristics of circular multi-family housing under the assumption that the shape of a residential building affects local identity. A total of six case studies were included in this study, three case studies on idle historical industrial facilities turned into residential buildings and another three on multi-family housing located in newly developed residential complexes. The study drew its conclusions as follows. First, the design of circular multi-family housing was intended to maximize security and defense from the outside in older times. This was later developed as the terrace house style with geometric urban squares designed under the urban planning of the Baroque period. This evolved high-density housing with a courtyard in the center offering a green open space, with the aim of restoring a sense of humanity. Second, the six case studies on circular multi-family housing were analyzed from the viewpoint of each factor of local identity, including historical and cultural, landscape, and community. Third, the historical and cultural elements of circular multi-family housing are found in some unused historical industrial facilities remodeled into residential buildings. They provide new capabilities and shapes desired by society at a given time, while maintaining familiar styles and elements of history, integrating a legacy of the past into the present. Fourth, circular multi-family housing with unique shapes and structures often become landmarks of a region with their distinctive appearance against a uniform urban environment and the monotonous scenery of residential complexes. They also show a high level of visual awareness with the distinctive shapes made possible when new elements are added to a historical exterior. Finally, circular multi-family housing with courtyards in the center prompt social contact between inhabitants, especially with dormitories and rental houses for the low-income bracket, which provide a small individual units with high use common space. Circular multi-family housing are planned in a manner similar to a small village or a city. They are designed to enhance sense of community, allocating various public amenities and provide cultural and commercial spaces on the ground floor and courtyard areas.

This paper discusses the attribution of an anonymous and unbuilt 1859 plan for a four-storey apartment building with commercial spaces on the ground floor, located on the site of the old town walls in Trogir. It proposes Josip Slade as the architect of the plan, interpreting Slade’s architectural language and the development of his approach to architectural heritage. An analysis of the project in a historical socio-political and spatial context, moreover, supports the conclusion that this was intended as rental property, and this paper therefore offers insights into the first known example of the tenement housing building typology in the nineteenth-century Trogir

The article studies seven heating seasons’ data of heat consumption of heating in 24-storey residential apartment building in St. Petersburg with ventilated façade, office and commercial spaces on the ground floor. It is established that heat consumption for heating depends on the year passed in operation of building since completion. During the first three years increased heat consumption is observed due to drying of walls of the building, which must be taken into account in a design of the building’s heating and maintenance systems. It is concluded that in a period of no less than three years since completion, operated building should be tested to confirm values of required specific energy heat consumption for heating in the heating season.

Urban Quality at the Pedestrian Level in Barcelona: Ground Floor Uses

This study explored ways of changing a detached house which has older residents to a universal design home. This study investigated the residential conditions based on the universal design features and the need of universal design for aging in place. For this study, 153 residents who were living in single detached houses in Columbia, MO, were surveyed using written questionnaires and interviews. Primary findings of residential conditions were showed according to each spaces such as entrance, interior hallway, master bedroom, bathroom and kitchen. The major results are as follows: 1)It was confirmed that major spaces for daily living such as a bedroom, bathroom, kitchen and laundry facilities needed to be on the ground floor. 2)The most dangerous spaces in house were stairs to the upper or lower floors and the bathroom, 3)The need for modification based on universal design were high in order to facilitate aging in place. 4) Finally, elderly people in their seventies had especially strong needs through modification compared to the elderly people in their sixties who had plans to relocate.

The nuances of the supplied urban fabric in the MENA Region: Evidence from Alexandria, Egypt

Living conditions in post-tsunami houses: A case study of the moklen ethnic minority group in Tungwa village, Phang Nga province, Southern Thailand

This thesis presents the outcomes of a comprehensive research study undertaken to investigate the influence of rainfall and catchment characteristics on urban stormwater quality. The knowledge created is expected to contribute to a greater understanding of urban stormwater quality and thereby enhance the design of stormwater quality treatment systems. The research study was undertaken based on selected urban catchments in Gold Coast, Australia. The research methodology included field investigations, laboratory testing, computer modelling and data analysis. Both univariate and multivariate data analysis techniques were used to investigate the influence of rainfall and catchment characteristics on urban stormwater quality. The rainfall characteristics investigated included average rainfall intensity and rainfall duration whilst catchment characteristics included land use, impervious area percentage, urban form and pervious area location. The catchment scale data for the analysis was obtained from four residential catchments, including rainfall-runoff records, drainage network data, stormwater quality data and land use and land cover data. Pollutants build-up samples were collected from twelve road surfaces in residential, commercial and industrial land use areas. The relationships between rainfall characteristics, catchment characteristics and urban stormwater quality were investigated based on residential catchments and then extended to other land uses. Based on the influence rainfall characteristics exert on urban stormwater quality, rainfall events can be classified into three different types, namely, high average intensity-short duration (Type 1), high average intensity-long duration (Type 2) and low average intensity-long duration (Type 3). This provides an innovative approach to conventional modelling which does not commonly relate stormwater quality to rainfall characteristics. Additionally, it was found that the threshold intensity for pollutant wash-off from urban catchments is much less than for rural catchments. High average intensity-short duration rainfall events are cumulatively responsible for the generation of a major fraction of the annual pollutants load compared to the other rainfall event types. Additionally, rainfall events less than 1 year ARI such as 6- month ARI should be considered for treatment design as they generate a significant fraction of the annual runoff volume and by implication a significant fraction of the pollutants load. This implies that stormwater treatment designs based on larger rainfall events would not be feasible in the context of cost-effectiveness, efficiency in treatment performance and possible savings in land area needed. This also suggests that the simulation of long-term continuous rainfall events for stormwater treatment design may not be needed and that event based simulations would be adequate. The investigations into the relationship between catchment characteristics and urban stormwater quality found that other than conventional catchment characteristics such as land use and impervious area percentage, other catchment characteristics such as urban form and pervious area location also play important roles in influencing urban stormwater quality. These outcomes point to the fact that the conventional modelling approach in the design of stormwater quality treatment systems which is commonly based on land use and impervious area percentage would be inadequate. It was also noted that the small uniformly urbanised areas within a larger mixed catchment produce relatively lower variations in stormwater quality and as expected lower runoff volume with the opposite being the case for large mixed use urbanised catchments. Therefore, a decentralised approach to water quality treatment would be more effective rather than an end-of-pipe approach. The investigation of pollutants build-up on different land uses showed that pollutant build-up characteristics vary even within the same land use. Therefore, the conventional approach in stormwater quality modelling, which is based solely on land use, may prove to be inappropriate. Industrial land use has relatively higher variability in maximum pollutant build-up, build-up rate and particle size distribution than the other two land uses. However, commercial and residential land uses had relatively higher variations of nutrients and organic carbon build-up. Additionally, it was found that particle size distribution had a relatively higher variability for all three land uses compared to the other build-up parameters. The high variability in particle size distribution for all land uses illustrate the dissimilarities associated with the fine and coarse particle size fractions even within the same land use and hence the variations in stormwater quality in relation to pollutants adsorbing to different sizes of particles.

Parallel to the conventional (statistical, spectral) description of mixed urban classes for image segmentation, the description on the basis of cues and related spatial properties is used within the classification process. Recently we concentrate very much on strong model-based classification, which may lead to a classification not covering the whole area due to the implementation of insufficient models (class descriptions). Major interest is related to urban features like urban fabric, continuous urban fabric (dense, medium dense), discontinuous urban fabric (dense residential, sparse residential, residential blocks) as well as industrial areas.