Abstract
The current research deals with the formulation and characterization of bio-based oil-in-water nanoemulsion. The formulated eugenol oil nanoemulsion was characterized by dynamic light scattering, stability test, transmission electron microscopy and thin layer chromatography. The nanoemulsion droplets were found to have a Z-average diameter of 80 nm and TEM study reveals the spherical shape of eugenol oil nanoemulsion (EON). The size of the nanoemulsion was found to be physically stable up to more than 1-month when it was kept at room temperature (25 °C). The TEM micrograph showed that the EON was spherical in shape and moderately mono or di-dispersed and was in the range of 50–110 nm. Three concentrations of the nanoformulation were used to evalute the anti-fusarium activity both in vitro and in vivo experiments. SDS-PAGE results of total protein from the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) isolate before and after treatment with eugenol oil nanoemulsion indicate that the content of extra cellular soluble small molecular proteins decreased significantly in EON-treated fungus. Light micrographs of mycelia and spores treated with EON showed the disruption of the fungal structures. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for Fusarium wilt incidence indicated highly significant (p = 0.000) effects of concentration, genotype, and their interaction. The difference in wilt incidence between concentrations and control was not the same for each genotype, that is, the genotypes responded differently to concentrations. Effects of three EON concentration on germination percentage, and radicle length, were determined in the laboratory. One very interesting finding in the current study is that cotton genotypes was the most important factors in determining wilt incidence as it accounted for 93.18 % of the explained (model) variation. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential phytotoxic effect of three EON concentrations. Concentration, genotype and concentration x genotype interaction were all highly significant sources of variation in seed germination; however, interaction was the first in importance as a source of variation followed by the concentration, while genotype was the least important source of variation. These results suggest the potential use of eugenol oil nanoemulsion for protecting seedcotton from Fusarium wilt infection.
Highlights
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum causes important crop losses in the most cotton-producing countries
The Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph showed that the eugenol oil nanoemulsion (EON) was spherical in shape and moderately mono or di-dispersed and was in the range of 50–110 nm
Concentration, genotype and concentration x genotype interaction were all highly significant sources of variation in seed germination; interaction was the first in importance as a source of variation followed by the concentration, while genotype was the least important source of variation. These results suggest the potential use of eugenol oil nanoemulsion for protecting seedcotton from Fusarium wilt infection
Summary
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum causes important crop losses in the most cotton-producing countries. Fusarium wilt is a destructive disease of cotton (Gossypium spp.) in several countries of the globe including Australia, USA, Egypt, Tanzania, and China (Watkins 1981; Hillocks 1992; Abd-Elsalam et al 2014). Selection and breeding of new genotypes with higher levels of resistance to fusarium wilt are the main approaches to control this disease (Abd-Elsalam et al 2014). A main component of clove oil, was proposed as the agent responsible for clove oil’s antifungal activity against a wide range of plant pathogens (Pinto et al 2009; Wang et al 2010; Matan et al 2011; Ghosh et al 2014). The phytotoxicity effects of EON on cotton genotypes were assessed
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
