Abstract
Diabetes-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis is regarded as a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Treating diabetes-induced kidney damage and renal dysfunction has been thought a promising therapeutic option to attenuate the development and progression of DN. In this study, we investigated the renoprotective effect of ethyl vanillin (EVA), an active analogue of vanillin isolated from vanilla beans, on streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced rat renal injury model and high glucose-induced NRK-52E cell model. The EVA treatment could strongly improve the deterioration of renal function and kidney cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, treating with EVA significantly decreased the level of MDA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stabilized antioxidant enzyme system in response to oxidative stress by enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, EVA also markedly suppressed cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression in STZ-induced rats. Therefore, these results of our investigation provided that EVA might protect against kidney injury in DN by inhibiting oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.
Highlights
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and leads to end-stage renal disease [1]
Exogenous insulin was used to regulate blood glucose levels in DN patients. It is successful in controlling blood glucose levels, the clinician has to balance between adequate glycemic control and adverse effects related to insulin overdose administration [4, 5]
Our results suggested that ethyl vanillin (EVA) could ameliorate hyperglycemia and improve the renal function in STZtreated rats
Summary
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and leads to end-stage renal disease [1]. The common clinical and pathological features of DN contain mesangial cell proliferation, glomerular hypertrophy, and thickening of the tubular basal and glomerular membranes, which develop into fibrosis and chronic renal failure [2, 3]. Exogenous insulin was used to regulate blood glucose levels in DN patients. It is successful in controlling blood glucose levels, the clinician has to balance between adequate glycemic control and adverse effects related to insulin overdose administration [4, 5]. It is reported that hyperglycemia has been considered as an important role in the pathogenesis and development of DN [6, 7]
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