Ethnomathematics: Mathematical Concepts In The Gaple Card Game

The purpose of this research is to describe the mathematical elements contained in the gaple card game. This study uses ethnographic research with a qualitative approach. The focus of this research is the tools, rules and processes of the gaple card game. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, field notes, and documentation. This study uses triangulation data analysis which consists of data reduction, presentation and conclusion. The results of this study found mathematical concepts in the gaple card game, namely set, addition, opportunity and inequality.

UNDERTAKING RESEARCH using an ethnographic approach can be one of the most challenging routes to generating new knowledge in nursing and health care. These challenges can include the time required to gain access to the research site, the duration and complexity of data collection, the role of the researcher and the impact the researcher might have on data collection and analysis. Ethnographic approaches are not new to nursing and health care but this approach to generating new knowledge has not been adopted as widely as other qualitative approaches. One reason for this could be that students undertaking undergraduate or master’s research projects much less frequently gain experience in using ethnography because of the practical and theoretical complexities outlined. As a result, these researchers are less likely to consider ethnography in their future research endeavours. This edition of Nurse Researcher includes two papers that describe the experiences of researchers who have undertaken different types of ethnographic research in very different research settings. In the first paper, Mahon and McPherson (2014) describe their experiences of undertaking a study exploring factors influencing nurses’ decisions to stay or leave bedside nursing using critical ethnography. In the second paper, Pereira de Melo et al (2014) describe the experiences of researchers undertaking three different ethnographic research projects in Brazil. Both offer a fascinating insight into how these researchers managed some of the complexities often encountered when conducting ethnographic research. All researchers will be familiar with the multiple barriers that need to be negotiated and managed before they can access a research setting. Pereira de Melo et al (2014) suggest that these can be particularly challenging in ethnographic research and might include hierarchies that exist between different professional groups and the need not to disrupt routines and protocols. Ethnography draws heavily on prolonged observation as the main means of data collection and this can sometimes be perceived as threatening by those who will be observed. It is for these reasons that researchers need to seek acceptance or trust in the research setting and why observation needs to be for a prolonged period of time. Pereira de Melo et al (2014) suggest that one important way to help overcome some of the access barriers is to discover and build an influential friend. This individual might be able to help negotiate access to the research site and to help the researcher become accepted once in the research site. It is clear that such strategies do not happen by accident and will need to be incorporated into the detailed planning of the research project. As noted, in ethnographic research it is required that researchers engage with participants in their lives for an extended period of time. Pereira de Melo et al (2014) argue that ethnographic researchers should spend at least six months in the research setting and describe this as one of the main limitations when planning ethnographic research. For student researchers, especially those below doctoral level, they describe time as ‘an enemy’ because the students have tight and immoveable deadlines. While students can adopt ethnographic approaches, time restrictions can have an impact on the theoretical maturity of a project. The result is that students are often advised to avoid ethnographic approaches. Offering such advice fails to recognise that the primary objective of much student research is to allow the students to learn more about how to plan and conduct research rather than on the outcome of the research. A prolonged period of engagement in the research setting requires that ethnographic researchers give some detailed consideration to their role in the research process. The researcher is the main data collection instrument in an ethnographic research project so it is inevitable that the individual will Complexities of ethnography

The existence of libraries in inclusive schools is regulated in Indonesian legislation. Its management needs to be considered so that its existence can support each student with various special needs. This study aimed to identify the role of the library in helping to foster the speaking skills of students with Down syndrome (DS) with a qualitative approach and case study method. Data were collected through observation of one student with DS, interviews with one teacher in charge of the library, one class teacher, and one principal, and voice recording documentation from three informants. Triangulation data analysis was conducted to examine findings of data sources from observations and interviews, and reference documentation in the form of inclusive school library management standards. The inclusive school library provided collections of fiction, non-fiction, serial publications, and reference collections. Children with DS most often used fiction collections in the form of picture storybooks. The facilities and infrastructure of the inclusive school library are similar to school libraries in general. The predominant service provided and carried out by library staff – who are also teachers, is storytelling - telling stories from books chosen by students with DS to help develop an interest in reading and foster verbal communication. The library is used by teachers in learning activities, carrying out motor skills such as arranging books, thickening lines in books provided at school, playing on computer tablets, coloring, and developing cognitive abilities to recognize letters and connect letters; this helps foster speaking skills of students with DS.

This study discusses the effectiveness of the implementation of National Police Chief Regulation No. 8/2018 concerning divorce permission and mediation in the Police environment, especially in the Lampung Regional Police. The main problems studied are the application of divorce permits, obstacles in the mediation process, and their contribution to the renewal of Islamic family law in Indonesia. The research used a qualitative approach with field research methods through in-depth interviews, documentation, and triangulation data analysis. The findings show that mediation can reduce the divorce rate, although there are obstacles such as time constraints and conflicts in the roles of police officers. The conclusion states that the mediation policy plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the family and the police institution, but a clear indicator standard is needed for divorce decisions. The research recommends evaluating and improving the relevant regulations to be more in line with the Marriage Law and the Compilation of Islamic Law, to ensure transparency and legal certainty in the divorce process within the Polri.Keywords: Divorce Msediation, National Police Chief Regulation No. 8/2018, Islamic Family Law

The background of this research is because people still have limited knowledge of ethnographic and ethnomethodological research methods in a study. The problems discussed in the writing are: 1. How is the development of ethnographic research and ethnomethodological research? and 2. When did ethnographic research and ethnomethodological research begin? The research method used is the historical method through the stages of heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. Data collection techniques through library research techniques (library research) are carried out through literature studies and several reference sources such as journals, articles, books and others. The aim of the research is to describe the development of ethnographic and ethnomethodological research and to provide understanding and introduction to ethnographic and ethnomethodological research to the government. The research results found that ethnographic research methods were better known by the wider community than ethnomethodological research methods.

This research aims to examine ethnomathematics in the traditional game gobak sodor on mathematical concepts at elementary school level such as plane figures, number operations, relationships between lines, congruence and presentation and data processing. This research uses an ethnographic approach to obtain an in-depth analytical picture of a culture based on the results of observations, interviews, documentation and field notes. This research uses triangulation data analysis which consists of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research shows that there are elements of elementary school mathematics in the Gobak Sodor game in the form of number operations, flat shapes, congruence and relationships between lines. Traditional games in mathematics learning can provide benefits, namely visualizing mathematics learning in real form so that students can more easily understand mathematical concepts.

The Purpose of this study is conducting mitigate fraud transaction by adapting the concept of siri’ na pacce’. This research is a qualitative research with a critical ethnographic approach. The source of data from this study is primary data in the form of direct interviews to several informants and subjects in the form of data from the research location. Furthermore, the data collection methods used was in-depth interviews, documentation and recording. Then, the processing and data analysis techniques are qualitative analysis by building conclusions with the stages of data collection, triangulation data analysis and final conclusion. The results of this study indicate Lempu’ and ada tongeng 'in the dimension of honesty accountability, namely honesty and wisdom which are keys in reducing fraud. The value of clay is reinforcement in the implementation of accountability can be seen in the process of offering, ordering, payment and delivery.

The different types of problems that man faces determine the type of method he employs to solve such problems. In different disciplines, problem area abound begging for solutions, as in language and literary research types. The focus on this study is on ethnographic or field research with emphasis on its merits and demerits in relation to English language and literature. Efforts were made to show that ethnography is a systematic study of a particular group or phenomena or more selected locales. Ethnographic research focuses on cultural interpretation, for the purposes of description or extension of social theory. It was also discovered that the ethnographer is the data collection instrument who uses multiple data sources and methods of data collection like being a participant observer etc. to increase the validity and trustworthiness of the findings. It was also discovered that ethnographic research has its merits which include, among others, that it is done in a natural environment to obtain firsthand information. Meanwhile, its demerits include among others, that it is time intensive and involves risks – like the key informant losing his/her job for revealing some secrets about him/herself or about the job. Ethnographic research, as discovered, is an essential tool in English Language and Literary research because it enables the researcher to establish “experiential authority” as he communicates human truths through its portrayal and interpretation.

The purpose of this paper was to present a commentary on my longstanding practice, as an African-American pastoral theologian, of utilising the ethnographic qualitative research approach centring on Black masculinity and violence. My goal was to comment on what I experienced, learned, practiced and published about violence as an African-American man who happens to be a pastor, pastoral counsellor, licensed marriage and family therapist, and teacher of pastoral care and counselling for over 40 years. My method of data collection for my research and writing has been ethnographic listening to the stories of African-Americans within families and small groups, and in churches, workshops and classrooms. There is a major limitation to this approach because ethnographic research is socially and culturally located and confined to the United States of America and to the African community. Yet, my published reflections as a pastoral theologian on violence over the years were presented to stimulate conversation and discussions in the cross-cultural contexts of students, faculty and interested publics within seminaries universities and churches, particularly in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Ethiopia where I have lectured and taught.Violence in this paper was understood as being adversarial, behavioural, physical, verbal and nonverbal, exploitive and combative reactions to very powerful economic and socio-cultural values which exist globally. These values recruit and reduce all human beings from all social strata into commodity-orientated and commercialised economic definitions of human worth. Human identity and dignity are defined exclusively by the possession of wealth, social status, privileged position, power and prestige. Those who lack such so-called honourable designations and characteristics are deemed worthless, invisible and unlovable. To be poor in this orientation means to be completely worthless and valueless. Therefore, the paper proposed an indigenous narrative storytelling model which could be used to orientate people publicly to the appropriate source of human worth and dignity.

<p>Abstract. The purpose of this study to improve skills to convey opinions using cooperative learning models think pair and share. This research is a Classroom Action Research with two cycles. The subjects of this study were the fourth grade students of SD Negeri Mangkubumen Kulon No. 83 Surakarta in the 2019/2020 school year, totaling 16 students. This study uses data collection techniques in the form is interviews, observations, tests, and documentation with data validity and triangulation data analysis. Analysis of the data used is the Miles-Huberman interactive analysis model. The first cycle produces a classic 50% percentage, and the study continues with the second cycle with a 75% percentage in classical terms. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the cooperative learning model of think pair and share types can improve the skills of communicating the opinions of fourth grade students of SD Negeri Mangkubumen Kulon No. 83 Surakarta academic year 2019/2020 Learning. <br />Keywords: Skills in Expressing Opinions, Think Pair and Share Type Cooperative Learning Models, elementary school</p><p> </p>

The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between good governance and siri 'napacce in guarding the realization of village funds and to know the application of culture and local wisdom of siri' napacce in carrying out their duties and responsibilities as village officials in Pacellekang Village, Pattallassang District, Gowa Regency.This research is a qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The data source of this study is primary data in the form of direct interviews to several informants and subjects in the form of data from the research location. Furthermore, the data collection methods used were in-depth interviews, documentation and recording. Then, data processing and analysis techniques are qualitative analysis by building conclusions with the stages of data collection, triangulation data analysis and final conclusions.The results of this study indicate that the supervision of ADD management in Pacellekang Village is already good, in accordance with the principles of good governance. Starting at the planning stage, the implementation stage, and the accountability stage, the administration and financial management processes have been implemented in accordance with the principles of good governance, although there are still a few shortcomings. In addition, accountability and reporting are also direct to interested parties based on the cultural values of siri 'na pacce which can increase supervision of village fund allocation management (ADD) because as it is known that those who can participate in monitoring other than the community, the central government, are ourselves.Keywords: Supervision , Honesty, Village Fund Allocation, Siri 'na Pacce

The purpose of this research is to describe the character values in “book bupena assessment for the elementary school class III” Muhammadiyah 11 Semarang. The approach used is descriptive approach is qualitative methods used to research in the condition of natural objects. Data collection techniques were carried out by triangulation data analysis was inductive and the qualitative research focuses more on the meaning of generalization. Technique data collection in this research was recorded to the note taking method. The problem is that the feasibility of the book is used as a guide for teachers and students in planting character values and how the value of fairy tale characters in the book. The results of this research that the fairy tales in the Bupena Assessment Book for Elementary / MI Class III especially Volume 3A are suitable to be used as a guide for teachers and students in planting character values containing 15 out of 18 character values with a percentage that is religious 1.9%, honest 12.6% , tolerance 7.8%, hard work 3.9%, creative 2.9%, independent 3.9%, democratic 1.9%, curiosity 10.7%, patriotism 2.9%, rewarding achievement 8.7%, friendly / communicative 12.6%, peace loving 6.8%, caring environment 5%, social care 12.6%, and responsibility 5.8%

Horticulture is an important component in agriculture that continues to grow and develop over time. One type of horticulture that is often consumed by the public is tomatoes. Soil physical properties for tomato plants are maximum yield if the land is high with soil structure crumbs until clear, friable (deep) with deep soil depth (solum), good drainage, and moderate to high porosity. Gurabunga Village is located at an altitude of about 749 m above sea level. Topography Gurabunga Village is a plateau with a slope of between 8-15% in the form of a choppy relief area and a slope (15-25%) with a wavy relief. The data collection method used was a survey method with a questionnaire instrument and direct interviews with key informants at the study site. The data analysis technique used in checking the validity of interview data from respondents uses triangulation data analysis. Tomato Vegetable Productivity in Overall Gurabunga in general has the potential to be further developed to meet the needs of tomato vegetables in North Maluku Province. The characteristics of the land owned by tomato farmers in Gurabunga Urban Village have characteristics that are suitable for the development of tomato plants.

One game that is currently viral in Sinjai Regency and even throughout Indonesia is the Katto-Katto game. Games that can distract children from online games. In addition, this game is often contested at schools and in the community, especially in Sinjai District. This research is expected to be able to provide information to teachers and students about the mathematical concepts contained in the katto-katto game. This game is not just played but the teacher must be able to integrate it with learning in the classroom. The type of research in this study is an exploration with a qualitative approach. The subjects of the study were primary school children and teachers in the Sinjai district. The technique of taking the subject is purposive sampling. The data collection technique used was observation, interviews to find out the mathematical concepts of the game tools, and documentation to document the shape of the katto-katto game tools. The instruments used were observation, interview guides, and documentation. The analytical techniques used are reduction, data display, and concluding. Data were analyzed by triangulation of methods and sources. From the results, it can be concluded that the katto-katto game contains several mathematical concepts that are taught in schools both in terms of tools and the process of playing. In terms of the tool, there is a spatial concept in the form of a ball, the measurement is on the rope. In the game process, there are concepts of weight measurement, calculation, the angle formed, and speed.

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the use of the increasingly important virtual concept to deliver value in projects, focusing on the manifest, critical issues which can enhance value delivery in virtual construction projects.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses both quantitative and qualitative triangulated methods to examine the concepts in the study. Triangulated data analysis is also used to give insight.FindingsThe study disentangles 16 manifest, independent variables as being crucial in enhancing value delivery in virtual construction projects. Also the research gives a fresh view, by differentiating between influential and necessary crucial variables in virtual construction project value delivery.Research limitations/implicationsThe study demonstrates the use of triangulation in critical variables research. It also gives integrated insight on rigorous, triangulated, data analysis to enhance understanding in the critical variables research domain.Practical implicationsThe research gives insight to managers on the issues which need attention in the design and implementation of virtual construction projects to deliver value.Originality/valueThe research adds value to the literature on the virtual construction project delivery concept, where little knowledge exists. Based on empirical evidence, the study also gives a fresh insightful lens, for the examination of critical variables from the perspective of influential and necessary items.