Ethnicity as an Opportunity

Boswellia papyrifera (Burseraceae) is found mainly in the Amhara, Tigray and Benshangul Gumze Regions of Ethiopia (Vollesen, 1989). This economically important tree species is widely used for frankincense (incense) production. Incense is…

Breaking New Ground: Space Agencies and Epidemiologists Partner Up on Particulates

Morten Harboe (1929‐2021), one of the founders of Scandinavian Journal of Immunology

Background Malnutrition is defined as deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in an individual’s energy and/or nutritional consumption. Nutritional status assessment can be done by using anthropometric, clinical and biochemical methods and, dietary practices. Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) is a simple tool for the assessment of acute malnutrition in different ethnic back grounds. Family MUAC also known as MUAC for mothers or Mother-MUAC is a program that teaches mothers and other caregivers how to use the easy-to-use Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) tape to recognize the early signs of malnutrition in their children. The approach was developed with the objective of improving coverage of treatment services, detecting cases earlier and improving awareness on malnutrition. The identified knowledge gap pertains to the absence of a practiced approach utilizing Family Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) measurements in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate how the implementation of family MUAC measurements impacts the detection of acute malnutrition of under-five children who are on ART program in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods and Materials : A facility based nonequivalent pretest-posttest quasi experimental study was conducted among under-five children who are on ART program from public health hospitals in Addis Ababa. For intervention group MUAC training was given by trained trainers with support of nutrition expert using a training guideline adopted from GOAL Global, for 12 weeks and every two week an ongoing reinforce training was provided and one MUAC was provided for each caregiver in the intervention group and for the Control group the tradition or standard of care was continued in the hospital, where they were attending. Data was collected using structured questionnaire. Paired t-test for continuous variables and McNemar’s test for categorical variables was applied to check significant difference of family MUAC within groups at pre-and post-intervention. At 95% confidence level, value with P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The baseline mean score of MUAC knowledge in intervention group and Control group has no significant difference. was 1.025 increased to 1.815 at endline, with a p-value of < 0.001, indicating a highly statistically significant but in control group showed no significant change in MUAC knowledge, with a baseline mean of 1.05 and an endline mean of 1.097 (p = 0.183). The mean score of acute malnutrition knowledge for the intervention group increased from 1.21 (60.5%) at baseline to 1.46 (73.0%) at endline, with a p-value of 0.001 shows statistically significant comparing to control group, showed no significant change, with baseline and endline means of 1.42 and 1.43, respectively, and a p-value of 0.87.The study also shows that 14.5% malnutrition was detected and 85.5% not detected in Control group while 37.4% malnutrition was detected and 62.6% not detected in Intervention group. Conclusion Providing Family MUAC approach for Caregivers of under 5 children improves knowledge of acute malnutrition and increase detection of malnutrition. Hence Health policies should consider integrating Family MUAC monitoring into routine care for under 5 children, especially those on ART. This could be an effective strategy for enhancing early diagnosis and intervention in resource-limited setting.

Cross‐Cultural Differences in Learning Styles of Elementary‐Age Students From Four Ethnic Backgrounds

1989 Rural Resettlement in Post-revolutionary Ethiopia: Problems and Prospects. Addis Ababa: Office of the National Committee on Central Planning, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY) 1989 Surma Rehabilitation Project. Addis Ababa: EECMY. Getachew, Woldemeskel 1989 The Consequences of Resettlement in Ethiopia. African Affairs 88:359-374. Pankhurst, A. S. 1989 Settling for a New World: People and the State in an Ethiopian Resettlement Village. PhD dissertation, Manchester University. Shiferaw, Beqele 1988 An Empirical Account of Resettlement. Moscow: International Conference on Ethiopian Studies. Timberlake. L. 1986 Africa in Crisis. The Causes, the Cures of Environmental Bankruptcy. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers (Earthscan Book). Turton, D. 1987 Anthropology and Development. In Perspectives on Development. Cross-disciplinary Themes in Development Studies. P. F. Leeson and M. M. Minogue, eds. Pp. 128-159. ManchesterNew York: Manchester University Press. Wood, A. P. 1985 Population Redistribution and Settlement Schemes in Ethiopia, 1958-80. In Population and Development Projects in Africa. J. I. Clarke, M. Khogali, and L. A. Kosinski, eds. Pp. 84-111. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. World Vision International (WVI) 1985 Surma Emergency Feeding. Addis Ababa: WVI.

Supervisors and other academic staff can provide PhD students with invaluable professional support and opportunities for advancing their careers. This stems from the strong academic and networking provisions often offered to PhD students by nature of the supervisory mentorship. Although this professional relationship is highly beneficial in itself, many PhD students also wish to develop social and more personal friendships with their supervisors, in addition to academic connections. In this way, PhD students may seek a space to comfortably share their personal lives, identities, and experiences with supervisors and develop a working and personal relationship that extends beyond their doctoral program. In order to better support how and why PhD students build social and personal relationships with their supervisors, this chapter draws upon evidence from an international collaboration across three institutions in the United Kingdom and China related to doctoral students’ social transition experiences. Building on our experience using an innovative mixed method combination of social network analysis, longitudinal diaries, blogs, and in-depth interviews, we explore the complex, dynamic, and, at times, turbulent social relationships between PhD students and supervisors. Specifically, this chapter provides tips for PhD students to manage and maintain social relationships with their supervisors in order to build lasting connections. This includes advice for establishing personal acquaintanceships between students and supervisors and bridging the gap from supervisor to colleague to friend. Altogether, readers will consider actionable steps for developing socially meaningful and sincere relationships with supervisors or other mentors.

Labor conflict within foreign, domestic, and Chinese-owned manufacturing firms in Ethiopia

Different types of corporate ownership may affect the environment among firms and could influence the decisions of new entities in the region. This study determines the role of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in hindering new foreign manufacturing firms in the Yangtze River delta (YRD). The negative binomial regression is used for city-sector level data and the following points summarize the results: Firstly, the unique privileges that SOEs enjoy alongside governmental support create difficulties for foreign firms trying to establish themselves near existing SOEs. Secondly, although core cities are more attractive to foreign firms than peripheral cities, the role of core-periphery reveals that, in spite of all the regional advantages core cities could offer, whenever the share of SOEs is higher, the core-periphery system will have an adverse impact on new foreign firms. In other words, government preference for SOEs can suppress the attraction of foreign start-ups. However, after 2008, the governmental authorities finally succeeded in implementing their promising policy of fair treatment and competition in only the core cities.

In this study, we investigate the effect of political pluralism on foreign firm market-entry decisions. Although prior research has argued that political pluralism has a positive impact on organizations, using an institutional theory lens to evaluate political pluralism suggests that in regions with weak political competition, political pluralism also brings potentially negative consequences for firms. Previous studies using a bargaining perspective have largely ignored these negative effects. We propose that in some contexts political pluralism increases institutional complexity and reduces firm access to resources, thereby reducing the attractiveness of such regions as potential sites for foreign manufacturing firms. Empirically, this study examines market entry of all foreign manufacturing firms into Mexico from 1990 to 2006. Our findings show that political pluralism decreases firm entry and that this effect is partially mediated by the amount of public resources that flow from upper- to lower-level government jurisdictions and moderated by the extent to which a state government depends on federal resources and by the extent to which firms depend on government resources.

JULY 2014 PLACEMENT ADS

Jeffrey S. Krohn. <i>Mormon Hermeneutics: Five Approaches to the Bible by the LDS Church</i>

Collaborative ventures between U.S. and foreign manufacturing firms

Colin James Pennycuick (1933–2019)

Academic manpower survey of 1990: I. Descriptors of departments of pathology in the United States (from the joint task force on pathology manpower ASCP/CAP/APC)