Abstract
The genetic polymorphism of drug-metabolizing enzymes has a major influence on the fate of xenobiotic substances, whether as drugs or absorbed from the environment. Our understanding of this polymorphism is important in order to evaluate the genetic predisposition for exposure-related risks and, in the future, to develop individualized drug therapy. Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a central role in the metabolism of many drugs, chemicals, and carcinogens. Differences in the activity of these enzymes are responsible for the inter-individual variability in drug response and toxicity (Bertilsson, 1995). Of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, the isoform CYP2C19 is of particular interest because of its high inter-individual and inter-racial differences (Goldstein et al., 1997; Kaneko et al., 1999; Griese et al., 2001).
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