Abstract
The Phoenician site of La Fonteta (Guardamar del Segura, Alicante), thanks mainly to the discovery of many metallurgical dumps, has yielded abundant material that can be related to the production of iron, copper, copper/ lead and binary and ternary bronzes and probably to lead and silver. Among the archaeometallurgical remains discovered at the site, it is particularly worthy of attention a significant group of tuyeres, constituted by more than 400 fragments. The tuyeres documented so far can be placed in a chronological phase that spans approximately from the beginnings of the VIII century to the end of the VII century B.C. At present, this group of tuyeres can be considered the most abundant and varied known on a Phoenician site in the Iberian Peninsula . The study of this material allows us to define the variability of their shapes and to observe whether this morphological change reflects any technological factor related to metallurgical activities, or to the processed metallic product. To this end, in the present article we define the typologies of the above mentioned materials, their frequency during the different phases, and the context in which they were found. Wherever possible, we also present the results obtained through elemental analyses of the slagged parts adhered to the mouthpieces of these tuyeres.
Highlights
The Phoenician site of La Fonteta (Guardamar del Segura, Alicante), thanks mainly to the discovery of many
Recibido: 10-I-2007; aceptado: 19-III-2007 metallurgical dumps, has yielded abundant material that can be related to the production of iron, copper, copper/ lead and binary and ternary bronzes and probably to lead and silver
Among the archaeometallurgical remains discovered at the site, it is worthy of attention a significant group of tuyeres, constituted by more than 400 fragments
Summary
El yacimiento arqueológico de La Fonteta está situado dentro del Parque Natural de dunas de arena de Guardamar, en la margen derecha de la desem-. El poblado está rodeado por un imponente sistema defensivo (Fig. 2) cuya excavación ha permitido una más fácil distinción cronológica de las fases de frecuentación del yacimiento, pudiéndose distinguir claramente entre la época anterior a la construcción de la muralla, denominada Fonteta arcaica (desde comienzos del siglo VIII a.C. al tercer cuarto del siglo VII a.C.) y la posterior que corresponde a la fase Fonteta reciente (tercer cuarto del siglo VII hasta la mitad del VI a.C.). Excluyendo el caso de Huelva, con un conjunto de 87 ejemplares (González de Canales et al 2004: 147-148), ningún yacimiento contemporáneo ha proporcionado hasta la fecha tal cantidad de toberas, por lo que su estudio nos permitirá definir la variabilidad de las formas y observar si ese cambio formal responde a algún factor tecnológico vinculado con actividades metalúrgicas o con el tipo de producto metálico procesado. Para ello definiremos los tipos que pueden identificarse, su frecuencia en las diferentes fases, su contexto de aparición y, en los casos en los que ha sido posible, el análisis elemental de los restos escoriaceos adheridos
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