ESTUDIO SOBRE LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA SEGURIDAD ECOLÓGICA DE LA ENERGÍA FÓSIL EN CHINA BASADO EN EL GRADO DE COORDINACIÓN DE ACOPLAMIENTO POR MEDIO DEL MODELO PSR

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 中国城镇化对森林生态安全的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202105241352 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家社会科学"欠发达沿海城市发展的制约因素与突破路径研究"（20BJY067） Impact of urbanization on forest ecological security in China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:森林关系国家生态安全，城镇化已经成为中国的一个重要发展战略规划。既要推进城镇化，也要提高森林生态系统的安全性。中国城镇化是提高森林生态系统安全性还是恶化森林生态环境，存在争议。借鉴PSR模型、EKC曲线，采用1999-2018年中国省际面板数据，分析森林生态安全指数时空变化，建立固定效应模型研究中国不同时期、不同区域城镇化对森林生态安全的影响，得出以下结论：①1999-2018年，中国森林生态安全指数均值从0.4683上升至0.5038，森林生态安全水平整体上得到了提升。②总体样本上，城镇化与森林生态安全指数之间存在倒"U"型。城镇化水平较低时，能够提高森林生态安全水平，反之，降低森林生态安全系统的安全性。③城镇化对森林生态安全的影响存在时间差异性，1999-2010年，城镇化与森林生态安全显著正相关，而2010-2018年，二者负相关。④城镇化对森林生态安全的影响存在区域差异性。东部地区城镇化与森林生态安全显著负相关，而中西部地区二者正相关。此外，三二产业占比与森林生态安全指数正相关，产业结构升级带来森林生态安全的改善。基于以上分析，本文建议：①城镇化水平较低的地区，加快农村劳动力向城市转移，促进农村人口向城市集聚，而城镇化水平较高的地区，加强森林生态安全红线控制，降低能源总量消耗和污染总量排放。②用生态文明理念引领产业结构实现绿色转型，推进循环经济。 Abstract:Forests play an important role in maintaining national ecological security, and urbanization has been an importantly strategic development plan in China. We should not only promote urbanization, but also improve the security of forest ecosystems. It is controversial whether urbanization in China will improve the security of forest ecosystem or worsen the forest ecological environment. The paper applies the PSR(Pressure-State-Response) model and EKC(Environment Kuznets Curve), uses the panel data of China's provinces from 1999 to 2018 to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of forest ecological security index. We establish a fixed effect model to study the impacts of urbanization in different periods and regions on forest ecological security in China. The conclusions are as follows. Firstly, from 1999 to 2018, the average forest ecological security index in China increased from 0.4683 to 0.5038, indicating that the forest ecological security level has been improved. Secondly, in the overall sample, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between urbanization and forest ecological security index. When the level of urbanization is low, urbanization can improve the level of forest ecological security. On the contrary, urbanization can reduce the security of forest ecological security system. In addition, the impacts of urbanization on forest ecological security are temporal differences. From 1999 to 2010, there was a significantly positive correlation between urbanization and forest ecological security index, while from 2010 to 2018, there was a negative correlation between urbanization and forest ecological security index. Finally, there are regional differences in the impact of urbanization on forest ecological security. There is a significantly negative correlation between urbanization and forest ecological security index in eastern China, while there is a positive correlation between urbanization and forest ecological security index in central and western China. In addition, the ratio of tertiary and secondary industry is positively correlated with forest ecological security index, which indicates that the upgrading of industrial structure brings the improvement of forest ecological security. Based on the above analysis, the following suggestions are proposed:① we should accelerate the transfer of rural labor force to cities and encourage rural population to migrate to cities in areas with low urbanization level. We should strengthen the control of forest ecological security red line in areas with high urbanization level, and reduce total energy consumption and total pollution discharge. ② Green transformation of the industry and circular economy should be promoted under the guidance of the concept of ecological civilization. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Ecological security research progress in China

The effects of shielding the tips of airfoils

Regional differences, dynamic evolution, and obstacle factors of cultivated land ecological security in China

Forest ecological security is an important component of ecological security and national security, and it is a requirement for the sustainable development of the forestry economy. In this study, based on the pressure–state–response (PSR) model, an evaluation index system of forest ecological security was constructed regarding three aspects: the pressure on the forest ecosystem caused by human activities, the state of the forest ecosystem, and the response measures taken by humans to protect the forest ecosystem. The forest ecological security and its pressure, state, and response in 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from 2004 to 2018 were evaluated. Furthermore, with the help of a mediating effect model, the Moran index, and a spatial econometric model, the interaction relationship, spatial correlation effect, and spatial spillover effect of the pressure–state–response of forest ecological security were analyzed. The results showed the following: First, during the study period, the forest ecological security of most provinces was at sensitive and critical safety levels, and the forest ecological security level in Northeast and Southwest China was generally higher than that in Northwest and East China. Second, regarding the pressure, state, and response of forest ecological security, the pressure was generally low but with an increasing trend, the state was relatively good with continuous improvement, and the response was clearly insufficient and showed a fluctuating downward trend. Third, there were six different transmission mechanisms between pressure, state, and response of forest ecological security, among which there were significant transmission barriers between pressure and response. Given these findings, we propose suggestions to promote the improvement of forest ecological security in China.

The Tarim River Basin, a core region for economic development and ecological security in China’s inland arid areas, faces the pressing challenge of synergistically improving land use efficiency to resolve human-land conflicts under water resource constraints and achieve sustainable development. Based on the “economic-social-ecological” benefit coordination theory, this study constructs a land use efficiency evaluation system with 16 indicators and integrates the coupling coordination degree model and gravity model to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal differentiation patterns and coupling mechanisms of land use efficiency in the basin from 1990 to 2020. Results show that economic and social benefits of land use increased during this period, exhibiting a “high-north, low-south” spatial pattern, while ecological benefits remained relatively high but declined gradually. The coupling coordination degree of subsystem benefits displayed significant spatial heterogeneity, with an overall upward trend, where composite factors emerged as the primary constraint. Spatially, land use efficiency coupling coordination evolved from “core polarization” to “axial expansion” and finally “networked synergy,” with stronger linkages concentrated in oasis irrigation districts. These findings provide theoretical support for ecological conservation, water management, and policy-making in southern Xinjiang, offering pathways to synergize the “economic-social-ecological” system and promote sustainable development in arid regions.

The evaluation of forestry ecological security in China: Developing a decision support system

The implementation of ecological restoration programs is intensively changing the original ecological carrying capacity and the status of ecological security. To evaluate the spatiotemporal variation of ecological carrying capacity and ecological security in China’s eco-engineering areas, an indicator system of ecological carrying capacity and ecological security should be developed. This study developed an evaluation indicator system that contains 29 indicators. The indicators were generated by long-time series and multi-source data. The indicator system presents the relationship between ecological carrying capacity and ecological security and reflects the dynamic change of them in eco-engineering areas. We selected the Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR) and implemented the Ecological Conservation and Construction Program (ECCP) as a case study. The results showed the variation of ecological carrying capacity (ECC) and ecological security (ES) in the TRHR before (2000–2004), during early term (2005–2009), and during medium term (2010–2015) implementation of ECCP, and limiting factors of ecological carrying capacity and ecological security in TRHR was analyzed. The results showed that the ECC index and the ES index were significantly increase, indicating that the ECC improved and that the ES state got better in the TRHR after implementing ECCP. The water conservation was the major factors limiting the increase of the ECC. The leading factors limiting the improvement of the ES were educational expenditure before 2010 and turned into proportion of tertiary industry and investments for ecological restoration after 2010. The implementation of the ECCP has improved the ES state but has also resulted in new problems. It provides a scientific reference for future research on the indicator system of ecological carrying capacity and ecological security in eco-engineering areas and also has vital practical significance to guide the sustainable development of ecological restoration programs.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 我国省域森林生态安全评价及差异化——基于生态文明建设背景 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201710271929 作者: 作者单位: 北京林业大学经济管理学院,中国社会科学院研究生院,北京林业大学经济管理学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家林业局2014年林业重大问题调研课题（ZDWT201415） Evaluation and difference analysis of provincial forest ecological security in China based on the background of ecological civilization construction Author: Affiliation: College of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,Graduate school of Chinese academy of social sciences,College of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态文明是我国"五位一体"总体布局的重要内容，将直接引领我国生态环境保护与建设的大略方针，而森林作为生态文明建设中最本质和最重要的物质基础，其生态安全状况显得尤为重要。基于生态文明建设背景，从省域层面分析森林生态安全状况，沿用PSR模型构建森林生态安全评价指标体系，对2007年、2011年和2014年各省级行政区森林生态安全状况进行评价和对比。结果表明：森林资源状况是各省（市、自治区）森林生态安全状况存在差异的最主要原因；森林生态状态对森林生态安全评价影响最主要，森林生态压力影响次之；生态文明建设前期，我国各省级行政区的森林生态安全状况均呈上升趋势，生态文明建设后期，大部分省（市、自治区）森林生态安全状况出现下降趋势。同时，针对各地区森林资源的不同状况，提出了提高森林生态系统安全性的建议。 Abstract:Ecological civilization is an important concept, based on "all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress" in China. It will directly lead the future policies of environmental protection and construction in China. As forests are the most essential and important material base for the construction of an ecological civilization, their ecological security is especially important. Based on the background of ecological civilization construction, this study evaluated and compared the ecological security of forests in Chinese provincial districts in 2007, 2011, and 2014, and used a pressure-state-response (PSR) model to establish the Evaluation Index System of Forest Ecological Security. The results showed that the status of forest resources is the most important reason for the differences in the ecological security among the provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions); the forest ecological status is the most important influence on the evaluation of forest ecological security, and the ecological pressure on forests is the second major factor. In the early stages of the construction of an ecological civilization, the ecological security of forests in Chinese provincial districts is on the rise. However, in the later periods of ecological civilization construction, the ecological security trends downward in most provinces (cities and autonomous regions). At the same time, this paper offers advice for improving the safety of forest ecosystems in response to the different situations of forest resources in different regions. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The spatiotemporal evolution of ecological security in China based on the ecological footprint model with localization of parameters

Tourism activities generally have a ∩-type lock on the level of tourism ecological security in an area, but when applied to the border areas of China, there are certain specificities in the spatial evolution of tourism ecological security (TES) compared to traditional findings. This paper measures tourism ecological security in China’s border areas from 2009 to 2020 by using the DPSIR model with the SBM-DEA and analyzes the spatial differences, evolutionary characteristics, and driving factors of tourism ecological security in border areas by using Pearson’s correlation coefficients, center of gravity models, and Geodetectors: (1) The overall tourism ecological security index of China’s border provinces is relatively good. Tourism activities do not completely affect the traditional “∩ lock” of the border provinces. The tourism ecological security level of the border provinces presents three spatial-temporal changes (“∩” type, “U” type, and “\” type) and four evolution trends (“high-high-high”, “middle-middle-medium”, “medium-low-low”, and “low-low-low”). (2) The overall tourism ecological security level in border areas is polarized between high and low levels, and the ecological security efficiency of the three large areas is spatially characterized as “Southwest Area > Northeast Area > Northwest Area”, and the center of gravity of ecological security is mostly concentrated in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Neimenggu, where the ecological security level is higher. (3) Social and environmental factors are the main factors that influence tourism ecological security in border areas, while economic factors account for a smaller proportion. Accordingly, this thesis also proposes the driving mechanism of the ecological security of tourism sites in border areas in China with a view to providing theoretical support for policy formulation.

Based on the proposed evaluating index system of ecological security, some investigations on the status of ecological security of forest parks in Wenzhou city were carried out with the methods as data collection, field surveys and interviews. The result indicated there are many unsafe factors especially like wastewater treatment and economic development in community. Therefore, ecological security evaluation criteria were proposed to manage ecological security in China's forest parks, which will be of practical guiding significance for the sustainable development of forest tourism in China.

Ecological security is important both for maintaining the function of an ecosystem and for providing ecosystem services to the human wellbeing. The impact of land use change/cover on ecological security has attracted considerable attention, whereas the role of cropland reclamation remains unclear. The indirect loss of ecological land that occurs upon the request of cropland requisition-compensation policies offer further changes to ecological security. In order to ascertain the impact of cropland reclamation on ecological security, in this study three scenarios are established, addressing cropland returning to ecological lands without a slope limitation, with a slope <25°, and with a reclaimed cropland slope ≥25°. This study was conducted in the Yangtze River economic belt (YREB) due to its important contribution to ecological security in China. Land uses in different scenarios in 2030 are projected using the land use simulation model LANDSCAPE. Accordingly, ecological security in each scenario was evaluated using the contribution–vigour–organization–resilience framework, comprising the variables carbon storage, water purification, water yield, habitat quality, net primary productivity, mean patch area, Shannon’s diversity index, largest patch index and contagion, as well as the normalized difference vegetation index. The results indicate that about 62% of YREB land is projected to remain stable in terms of ecological security, while about 21% will deteriorate and 17% will improve between 2015–2030. Land where ecological security is projected to improve is concentrated in areas where broad and connected croplands are distributed. The fact that a higher proportion of areas will deteriorate than improve suggests that the negative impact of cropland change on ecological security should not be ignored. Comparing different scenarios, croplands returning to ecological lands pose a particularly significant impact on ecological security, particularly in the upper reaches of the YREB, where steep croplands are concentrated.

Due to the rapid development of economy and society,the forest ecosystem has been threatened by various harmful interferences in recent years. With the aim of "Sustainable Development"and the background of " Construction of Ecological City,Promotion of Urban Forest Construction,and Assurance of Urban Ecological Security",researches on the conditions of forest ecological security has become an urgent issue,which concerns the healthy development of cities in all provinces( provincial-level administrative regions),China. In this contribution,based on the analyses of the concepts of"forest ecosystem security"and"forest health",a novel forest ecological security assessment index system including 16specific three-level indicators has been proposed from the perspective of detrimental disturbances. This new index system is comparatively integrated,comprehensive,objective and highly applicable. The research was performed by combining the theoretical and empirical analysis,and by combining qualitative and quantitative analysis,and the macro data were investigated with the help of data processing software such as SPSS,Stata,and Matlab etc. And the forest ecological security standards of 31 provinces in China are empirically analyzed and evaluated based on the data in 2011,by using principal component analysis,cluster analysis,indistinct assessment methods and so on. The results indicated that amongthe 31 involved provinces,the forest ecological security standard of 16 provinces was in good condition with less detrimental interferences. Therefore,the overall forest ecological security standards are optimistic for the following 16 provinces:Hainan and Tibet have the highest security level of forest ecosystem nationwide and fall into the supreme safety category,with 6 provinces( Inner Mongolia,Jilin,Heilongjiang,Guangxi,Yunnan and Qinghai) being general security level,other8 provinces( Beijing,Jiangxi,Zhejiang,Guangdong,Sichuan,Chongqing,Shaanxi,and Gansu) being relatively security state. Whereas,there are still nearly half of the 31 provinces have insecure forest ecosystem. Among them,12 provinces including Hebei,Shanxi,Liaoning,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Anhui,Fujian,Hubei,Hunan,Guizhou,Ningxia,Xinjiang were in relative less severe insecure state; Henan was in medium unsafe state; and Tianjin and Shandong were in extremely insecure state. Based on a thorough discussion of the obtained results and a careful investigation of the main disturbing factors of forest ecological security in China,some targeted recommendations on how to maintain the forest ecological security in China was suggested in this work. For instance,the work for preventing forest disease and pest hazard should be strengthened in Tianjin,Shandong,and Henan provinces; the work for preventing forest fire should be strictly enforced in Fujian,Shanxi,Hunan,Hebei,and Guizhou provinces; a comprehensive prevention and control to deal with harmful interferences should be enhanced in Hebei, Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Ningxia, and Xinjiang provinces. To sum up,each province should take corresponding measures according to its own practical situation and principal interference factors. In addition,the prevention work for other detrimental interference factors should be performed as well in order to avoid these ones evolving to be principal factors in the near future,especially for those provinces who were interfered by various detrimental factors.

Ecological security evaluation is an important way to identify the need for improvement in a watershed and to assess the degree of regional sustainable development. Using a driver–pressure–state–exposure–response model, a comprehensive system of ecological security indicators was developed, and it was demonstrated in a case study of the main ecological problems facing the Qinghai Lake Basin. Indicators of the status of the natural ecological environment, socioeconomic pressure, and the degree of environmental damage were chosen to develop the model, and comprehensively evaluated the basin’s ecological security in 2000, 2004, 2009, and 2013 to reveal changes in the ecological security in response to changing climate and land use. The overall ecological security of the basin improved from 2000 to 2013, with considerable restoration and reconstruction of the ecosystem. From 2000 to 2004, environmental deterioration increased slightly as a result of pollution caused by human activities, excess land reclamation for agriculture, land desertification, and grassland degeneration. However, the obvious effect of ecological protection policies, such as conversion of farmland into grassland and stall feeding of livestock instead of grazing, led to improvement of the ecological environment from 2004 to 2013. Ecological security in the basin increased with increasing precipitation during the study period.