Estratégias Funcionais de <i>Byrsonima crassifolia</i> (L.) Kunth em diferentes fitofisionomias na savana do Estado do Amapá, Brasil.

BackgroundWoody bamboos are the only diverse large perennial grasses in mesic-wet forests and are widely distributed in the understory and canopy. The functional trait variations and trade-offs in this taxon remain unclear due to woody bamboo syndromes (represented by lignified culm of composed internodes and nodes). Here, we examined the effects of heritable legacy and occurrence site climates on functional trait variations in leaf and culm across 77 woody bamboo species in a common garden. We explored the trade-offs among leaf functional traits, the connection between leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) concentrations and functional niche traits, and the correlation of functional traits between leaves and culms.ResultsThe Bayesian mixed models reveal that the combined effects of heritable legacy (phylogenetic distances and other evolutionary processes) and occurrence site climates accounted for 55.10–90.89% of the total variation among species for each studied trait. The standardized major axis analysis identified trade-offs among leaf functional traits in woody bamboo consistent with the global leaf economics spectrum; however, compared to non-bamboo species, the woody bamboo exhibited lower leaf mass per area but higher N, P concentrations and assimilation, dark respiration rates. The canonical correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation (ρ = 0.57, P-value < 0.001) between leaf N, P concentrations and morphophysiology traits. The phylogenetic principal components and trait network analyses indicated that leaf and culm traits were clustered separately, with leaf assimilation and respiration rates associated with culm ground diameter.ConclusionOur study confirms the applicability of the leaf economics spectrum and the biogeochemical niche in woody bamboo taxa, improves the understanding of woody bamboo leaf and culm functional trait variations and trade-offs, and broadens the taxonomic units considered in plant functional trait studies, which contributes to our comprehensive understanding of terrestrial forest ecosystems.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 柯-青冈常绿阔叶林优势树种叶片性状变异及适应策略 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202103100659 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 湖南省教育厅重点项目（17A227）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（31901136） Variation in leaf functional traits and adaptation strategies of dominant tree species in a Lithocarpus glaber-Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broad-leaved forest Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:厘清叶片功能性状的变异及性状间的权衡关系，对揭示植物对环境变化的响应及适应策略具有重要意义。以中亚热带柯(Lithocarpus glaber)-青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)常绿阔叶林为对象，测量了1 hm2固定监测样地内6个优势树种的叶面积(LA)、比叶面积(SLA)、干物质含量(LDMC)、叶片厚度(LT)、叶片碳(LC)、叶片氮(LN)、叶片磷(LP)含量和叶片碳氮比(LC ∶ LN)8个功能性状，采用多重比较、主成分分析(PCA)法分析了群落叶片功能性状的生活型、种内和种间变异及性状间关系。结果表明：(1)群落内叶片功能性状种内、种间差异显著，变异中等(CV： 0.02-0.59)，其结构性状的可塑性较化学性状保守，变异格局符合"性状空间变异分割假说"；针叶树种的LA、SLA显著低于阔叶树种，常绿树种的LC和LDMC最小，而落叶树种的SLA、LN和LP最大以及LT和LC ∶ LN最小。(2)群落叶片功能性状变异主要来源于生活型和种间变异，种内变异亦有显著贡献；生活型对多数性状的贡献率较大，其对LDMC、LC ∶ LN的贡献分别高达93.11%和91.76%；种间变异(LDMC除外)对结构性状的贡献率均高于化学性状；种内变异对LP的贡献率(23.66%)较种间变异高。(3)叶片性状之间多表现出显著相关关系，针叶树和阔叶树在PCA排序图中聚集于不同区域，叶经济型谱在柯-青冈群落中具有适用性。不同树种通过叶片结构、化学性状之间的权衡策略来适应环境变化，从而实现群落物种共存。结果可为理解森林群落物种的环境适应策略、预测群落动态变化和制定植被恢复措施提供科学依据。 Abstract:Elucidating the variation in leaf functional traits and the trade-off relationships among those traits are of great significances to reveal the response mechanism's and adaptation strategies of plants towards changing environment. The variation of plant functional traits organically links the species adaptation strategy with the ecosystem functions and processes, and the ranges including interspecific and intraspecific variations vary with species and are closely related to environmental gradients. Meanwhile, the leaf economics spectrum (LES) at the global scale can reflects the trade-off relationships between the main structural, chemical and physiological traits. However, local community puts environmental factors and functional traits in the same system, and the main reasons responsible for the variation in functional traits and the applicability of LES still need to be deeply investigated. In this study, we collected 8 leaf functional traits of 6 dominant tree species in a 1 ha permanent monitoring plot of a Lithocarpus glaber-Cyclobalanopsis glauca subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, and the studied traits included leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf thickness (LT), leaf carbon (LC), leaf nitrogen (LN), leaf phosphorus (LP) content and carbon-nitrogen ratio (LC :LN). We used multiple comparison and principal component analysis (PCA) to explore the variation in leaf functional traits at the interspecific, intraspecific and life form levels, and to analyze the relationship among those functional traits. The results showed that:(1) Leaf functional traits were significantly different at the intraspecific and interspecific levels in this community. There was a moderate variation with a coefficient variation (CV) ranging from 0.02 to 0.59, and the structural traits were more conservative than chemical traits. The variation pattern of leaf functional traits conformed to "a spatial trait variance partitioning hypothesis". Leaf functional traits significantly differed among life forms, with lower SLA and LA for coniferous tree species compared to those for broad-leaved tree species, lowest LC and LDMC for evergreen trees, yet the deciduous tree species exhibited the highest SLA, LN and LP along with the lowest LT and LC :LN. (2) Life form and interspecific differences contributed the most to the variation in leaf functional traits, and intraspecific differences also contribute significantly to those variations with lower contribution rate. Life forms had relative higher contribution to the variation in most functional traits with the contribution rate reaching 93.11% and 91.76% for LDMC and LC:LN, respectively. The contribution rate of interspecific variation (except LDMC) to structural traits was higher than that to chemical traits. Intraspecific variation had a higher contribution rate to LP (23.66%) than interspecific variation. (3) There was a significant correlation between leaf functional traits. Conifers and broad-leaved trees clustered in different areas of PCA ordination chart. The leaf economics spectrum was applicable in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, and diverse tree species could coexist in this community by the trade-off strategies among leaf structural and chemical traits. The results could provide a scientific basis for understanding the adaptation strategies of diverse tree species to environment, predicting the dynamic changes of community and formulating vegetation restoration strategy. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988437O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a florística e calcular os parâmetros fitossociológicos das espécies presentes nas áreas de campo sujo e cerrado sensu stricto na Estação Ecológica de Pirapitinga – MG (ESEC). O estudo foi realizado na ESEC de Pirapitinga no município de Morada Nova de Minas, Estado de Minas Gerais. Para o levantamento da florística e da fitossociologia, foi alocado um total de 190 subparcelas com 100 m2 cada, amostrando-se todos os indivíduos com circunferência à altura do solo (CAS) ≥ 16 cm, em áreas de campo sujo e cerrado sensu stricto. Foram calculados os parâmetros de frequência, densidade, dominância, os valores de importância e os índices de diversidade de Shannon e equabilidade de Pielou. A similaridade florística entre as áreas foi determinada por meio do índice de Sorensen. Nas duas áreas de estudo, foram amostrados um total de 3.224 indivíduos distribuídos em 81 espécies, 70 gêneros e 40 famílias. As famílias mais ricas foram Fabaceae e Vochysiaceae. O cerrado sensu stricto foi a formação vegetal com maior riqueza de espécies (81) e maior densidade (2.257 ind ha-1). Ambas as áreas estudadas apresentam-se com alta diversidade e baixa dominância ecológica e possuem distribuição diamétrica em forma de J-invertido, indicando o predomínio de indivíduos jovens.

The Cerrado is the savanna with largest floristic richness of planet and also one of the most fragmented and threatened regions of world. Therefore, inventory and know the diversity of plant species in the Cerrado is a very important initiative. This study was conducted at the Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, aiming to investigate the phytosociological structure of the “cerrado sensu stricto” (“cerrado s.r.”) and “campo sujo” vegetations. Sampling was performed in plots of 10 x 10 m, 15 in the “cerrado s.r.” and 10 in the “campo sujo”. Were sampled only woody individuals with a diameter equal to, or greater than 5 cm (30 cm from the soil). Results showed 60 species belonging to 28 families and 46 genera, 52 species in the “cerrado s.r.” and 27 in the “campo sujo’. The families with more species were Malpighiaceae (7), Fabaceae (6) and Vochysiaceae (5). The species with the highest importance values in the “cerrado s.r.” were Qualea grandiflora, Kielmeyera coriacea, and Styrax ferrugineus, on the other hand, in the “campo sujo” were S. ferrugineus, Piptocarpha rotundifolia e Erythroxylum deciduum. In the “cerrado s.r.”, density and basal area were 1125 individuals/ha and 5.32 m2/ha respectively. In the “campo sujo” were 730 individuos/ha and 1.96 m2/ha. The Shannon index (H') estimated for the “cerrado s.r.” was 3.48, and for the “campo sujo” 2.91. These values demonstrate a high diversity of species in the study area.

Contribution of shade trees to wind dynamics and pathogen dispersal on the edge of coffee agroforestry systems: A functional traits approach

As formações savânicas do Brasil Central caracterizam-se por uma camada rasteira contínua, em que predominam gramíneas, entrecortada por uma camada de arbustos e árvores de densidade variável. Dalbergia miscolobium Benth. é uma leguminosa arbórea típica dos cerrados do Planalto Central. Este estudo examinou os efeitos da seca, disponibilidade de luz, herbivoria e fogo no estabelecimento e crescimento dessa espécie no campo sujo (estrato herbáceo contínuo com árvores e arbustos esparsos) e no cerrado sensu stricto, onde a vegetação arbustivoarbórea é mais densa. Mudas foram transplantadas nas duas fitofisionomias, sendo acompanhadas mensalmente as variações na altura, produção de folhas e percentagem da área foliar removida por herbivoria, ao longo de cinco anos (1993-1998). A mortalidade ocorreu principalmente durante a época chuvosa. A seca sazonal não foi um importante fator de mortalidade. Número maior de mudas sobreviveu no campo sujo. Estas mudas não foram mortas por uma queimada ao final da seca de 1994, enquanto várias morreram no cerrado. O crescimento da parte aérea foi lento, em torno de 2,2cm/ano no campo sujo e 3,1cm/ano no cerrado, ocorrido principalmente na estação chuvosa. A maioria das mudas apresentou lesões necróticas de cor preta nas folhas, causada pelo ataque do fungo Phoma sp. A queda das folhas ocorreu durante a estação seca e o número máximo de folhas foi alcançado do meio para o final da época chuvosa, sempre seguido por um pico na herbivoria. Dados de disponibilidade de luz sugerem que plantas com folhas horizontais a 5cm do solo, atingiriam em média apenas 32% da capacidade máxima de assimilação de CO2, devido ao sombreamento. Entretanto, aumento da altura da planta de 5 para 50cm, onde não há mais sombreamento do estrato herbáceo, dobraria os valores estimados de assimilação de CO2 Assim sendo, o desenvolvimento desta espécie seria limitado pela disponibilidade de água e herbivoria na seca e pelo sombreamento e ataque de patógenos na estação chuvosa.

Environmental and genetic differentiation jointly influence intra-specific variations of plant functional traits. Research on this topic is of great importance for the assessment plant adaptation to climate change and for developing long-term conservation strategies. In a common garden experiment, we investigated the variations in root and leaf functional traits of Caragana jubata across 14 provenances, as well as their relationships with the climatic and geographic factors of seed origin. The results showed that there were significant intraspecific differences in leaf tissue density, specific leaf area, leaf length to width ratio, leaf shape factor, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen concentration, as well as root average diameter, specific root length, specific root area, and root nitrogen concentration. Leaf tissue density and root nitrogen concentration were key indicators explaining the differentiation of leaf and root functional traits across the various provenances. There were significant trade-offs among leaf and root functional traits, as indicated by the significant negative correlation between leaf area and leaf tissue density, between specific root length and root tissue density, as well as between leaf nitrogen concentration and root nitrogen concentration. Mean annual precipitation, growing season precipitation, altitude and geographical factors (longitude and latitude) of the seed origin played crucial roles in influencing intraspecific variation of leaf functional traits, while altitude dominantly accounted for the intraspecific variation of root functional traits.

Monitoring is essential to restoration, but the standard metrics used to monitor wetland restoration do not explicitly account for function in plant communities. Functional traits may be a useful addition to the wetland monitoring toolkit, because they can represent aspects of ecosystem functioning that standard metrics may not. Our objective was to determine how abiotic factors that influence wetland community composition and structure relate to both functional leaf traits and standard vegetation monitoring metrics to determine if functional leaf traits could add a functional component to wetland monitoring. We surveyed 66 100-m2 plots in 22 floodplain wetlands in Illinois that were restored between 1997 and 2010. We used plant species data to calculate the mean coefficient of conservatism (mean C) and richness, and collected leaves to determine community weighted means of specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) at each plot. Hydrologic data were used to calculate variables related to frequency, depth, and duration of inundation, and soil samples were collected to determine soil pH, organic matter content, and nitrogen and phosphorous content at each plot. We used structural equation models to understand how predictor variables (hydrological variables, soil variables, canopy cover, time since restoration, and latitude) influenced each other, and ultimately how they influenced response variables (mean C, richness, percent non-native species cover, SLA, and LDMC). LDMC and SLA were poorly explained by predictor variables and had relatively few significant relationships within models. Predictor variables best explained variance in mean C, followed by percent non-native cover, richness, then LDMC and SLA. Mean C was positively influenced by canopy cover and negatively influenced by soil fertility, whereas richness was negatively influenced by latitude. There was a strong latitudinal gradient of species richness from north to south, such that southern plots were significantly more diverse and had less cover by non-native species than northern plots. Our research suggests that SLA and LDMC may not be well suited for use as wetland restoration monitoring tools in Midwestern floodplain wetlands, and that monitoring tools already in place may sufficiently reflect abiotic conditions.

Soil warming affects sap flow and stomatal gas exchange through altering functional traits in a subtropical forest

Domestication altered wheat leaf functional trait expression, and soil amendments altered root trait expression. These alterations shape crop suitability to stressed environments, and informs variety selection for agronomic conditions. Crop traits have been altered through domestication, resulting in syndromes that assist modern crops in contending with environmental constraints. Yet, we have limited understanding of how domestication has shaped the ability of crops to alter leaf and root functional traits for optimal performance under contemporary agronomic conditions, such as water limitation and organic amendments. We used a greenhouse pot experiment that included a wild progenitor of wheat (Aegilops tauschii), three domesticated wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties (Watkins, Red Fife and Marquis), and three modern wheat varieties (developed from 1969 to 2016) to assess the effects of domestication on crop functional traits under water limitation and under organic and inorganic soil amendments, and to evaluate how this trait expression moderates rhizosphere soil conditions. Leaf functional trait expression varied significantly across wheat domestication classes, with these differences being almost independent of soil amendment or watering treatments. The wild progenitor expressed resource conservative leaf trait values, with low water use efficiency and stomatal conductance. Root trait expression was influenced by both soil amendment and watering treatment, with all wheat lineages expressing acquisitive traits, e.g., higher specific root length and lower root diameter, under organic amendments. Soil amendments and watering treatments impacted rhizosphere conditions, including microbial diversity and acid phosphatase activity, and domestication class impacted fungal diversity. Broadly, domestication altered the expression of wheat leaf functional traits, and soil amendments altered the expression of wheat root functional traits. These alterations in trait expression and rhizosphere soil response shape crop suitability to drought-prone or nutrient stressed environments, and should be considered when selecting varieties for hybridization for contemporary agronomic conditions.

The concept of functional diversity is critical in the field of forest ecology as it helps determine trends in community structure and worldwide change by examining variations in functional traits among plants. Functional traits like leaf traits, stem traits, root traits etc., are characteristics of a species that incorporate its ecological and evolutionary history and can be used to predict both its response and impact on ecosystem function. During the present study, six functional leaf traits viz., leaf size (LS), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf phosphorus content (LPC), and leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N:P) were evaluated for a variety of trees and shrubs in the forests of semi-arid regions of Haryana, India i.e., Site I-Dulana (Mahendergarh), Site II-Kheri Batter (Charkhi Dadri) and Site III-Asalwas Dubia (Bhiwani). Functional leaf trait values showed a significant variation. LS was reported to be positively correlated with SLA(0.39) and N:P(0.11) while negatively correlated with LDMC(-0.26) LNC(-0.29) and LPC(-0.16). The selected plant species displayed a negative but weak correlation between SLA and LNC(-0.05) whilst a strong positive correlation between Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P)(0.36). All three Sites had the value of N:P ranging from 12.58 to 65.69, thus exhibiting P limitation. The present study advances the field of functional ecology in Haryana's tropical dry forests significantly. This is also crucial to forecast community formation trends and characterize the contributions of different species to ecological processes.

Functional leaf traits and leaf economics in the Paleogene — A case study for Central Europe

The Evolution of Functional Traits in Plants: Is the Giant Still Sleeping?

Understanding the interplay between plant leaf functional traits and plant and soil factors under different soil thicknesses is significant for quantifying the interaction between plant growth and the environment. However, in the context of ecological restoration of vegetation in mining areas, there has been a lot of research on trees, shrubs, and grasses, but the characteristics and correlations of leaf functional traits of vines have not been fully studied to a large extent. Here, we report the differences in leaf functional traits of six vine plants (Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Pueraria lobata, Hedera nepalensis, Campsis grandiflora, Mucuna sempervirens, and Parthenocissus tricuspidata) with distinct growth forms in different soil cover thicknesses (20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm). In addition, soil factor indicators under different soil cover thicknesses were measured to elucidate the linkages between leaf functional traits of vine plants and soil factors. We found that P. lobata showed a resource acquisition strategy, while H. nepalensis demonstrated a resource conservation strategy. C. grandiflora and P. tricuspidata shifted toward more conservative resource allocation strategies as the soil cover thickness increased, whereas M. sempervirens showed the opposite trend. In the plant trait–trait relationships, there were synergistic associations between specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen content (LNC); leaf moisture content (LMC) and leaf nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (LN/P); and leaf specific dry weight (LSW), leaf succulence degree (LSD), and leaf dry matter content (LDMC). Trade-offs were observed between SLA and LSW, LSD, and LDMC; between leaf phosphorus content (LPC) and LN/P; and between LMC, LSW, and LDMC. In the plant trait–environment relationships, soil nutrients (pH, soil total phosphorus content (STP), and soil ammonium nitrogen content (SAN)) and soil enzyme activities (cellulase (CB), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), enzyme C/N activity ratio, and enzyme N/P activity ratio) were identified as the primary drivers of variation in leaf functional traits. Interestingly, nitrogen deficiency constrained the growth of vine plants in the mining area. Our study revealed that the responses of leaf functional traits of different vines under different soil thicknesses have significant species specificity, and each vine shows different resource acquisition and conservation strategies. Furthermore, soil cover thickness primarily influences plant functional traits by directly affecting soil enzyme activities and nutrients. However, the pathways through which soil thickness impacts these traits differ among various functional traits. Our findings provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for selecting vine plants and optimizing soil cover techniques for ecological restoration in mining areas.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 杉木叶片、细根功能性状对毛竹扩张及伐除的响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202108262394 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31770680,32171786);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY14C160010);暨阳"533英才计划"项目 Responses of leaf and fine root functional traits of Cunninghamia lanceolata to Phyllostachys edulis expansion and removal Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:功能性状能够反映植物对不同环境的适应策略。毛竹扩张与外来植物入侵相似,常引起原有植物生存环境的改变,而原有植物功能性状对毛竹扩张及伐除的响应机制尚不清楚。选取毛竹-杉木混交林和去竹杉木林为研究对象,以杉木纯林为对照,比较分析杉木比叶面积、叶干物质含量、叶组织密度等叶功能性状以及比根长、细根生物量、细根根长密度等细根功能性状的变化以及其间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)与杉木纯林相比,混交林中杉木的叶相对含水量以及叶干物质含量分别减少了5.07%、0.032 g/g,叶组织密度以及比叶面积分别增加了0.005 g/cm3、10.33 cm2/g;而去竹杉木林中,杉木比叶面积、叶相对含水量减少,叶干物质含量和叶组织密度则呈上升趋势。(2)与杉木纯林相比,混交林中杉木细根生物量、细根体积密度以及细根根长密度都不断下降,而杉木细根比根长在0-20 cm土深处显著增加(P<0.05);而去竹杉木林中杉木细根比根长、细根根长密度和细根生物量则显著降低(P<0.05),细根体积密度在20-30 cm土深处有所增加。(3)杉木纯林中杉木细根功能性状间相关性较为紧密,混交林及去竹杉木林中杉木叶片功能性状间相关性较高。研究表明,杉木可通过比叶面积、叶组织密度以及细根比根长等功能性状的调整及性状关联,以适应毛竹扩张或去除毛竹后引起的空间、资源竞争的变化。研究结果有利于更好地理解杉木叶片、细根对不同生境的响应特征及生态适应策略,可为毛竹林合理经营与扩张调控提供科学依据。 Abstract:Functional traits can reflect the adaptation strategies of plants to different environments. The expansion of Phyllostachys edulis is similar to the invasion of alien plants, which often causes changes in the living environment of native plants. However, the response mechanism of the functional traits of native plant functional traits to the expansion and removal of Phyllostachys edulis is still unclear. The mixed forest of moso bamboo and Chinese fir and Chinese fir forest after bamboo removal were selected as the research objects, and the pure Chinese fir forest was used as the control. The changes of leaf functional traits, such as specific leaf area, dry matter content and tissue density, as well as fine root functional traits, like specific root length, fine root biomass and fine root length density, and their correlation were measured and analyzed. The results show that: (1) Compared with the pure Chinese fir forest, the leaf relative water content and leaf dry matter content of Chinese fir in mixed forest decreased by 5.07% and 0.032 g/g respectively. However, the leaf tissue density and specific leaf area in mixed forest increased by 0.005 g/cm3 and 10.33 cm2/g respectively. Compared with the pure Chinese fir forest, the specific leaf area and leaf relative water content of Chinese fir forest after bamboo removal decreased, while the leaf dry matter content and leaf tissue density increased. (2) Compared with the pure Chinese fir forest, the fine root biomass, fine root volume density and fine root length density of Cunninghamia lanceolata decreased continuously in mixed forest, but the ratio of fine root to root length increased significantly in 0-20 cm soil depth (P<0.05). Compared with the pure Chinese fir forest, fine root length, fine root length density and fine root biomass decreased significantly in Chinese fir forest after bamboo removal (P<0.05), while fine root volume density increased in soil depth of 20-30 cm. (3) The correlation between fine root functional traits of Cunninghamia lanceolata in pure forest was close, and the correlation between leaf functional traits in Chinese fir forest after bamboo removal and mixed forest was high. These results suggest that Cunninghamia lanceolata can adapt to the changes of space and resource competition caused by bamboo expansion or removal by adjusting and correlating the functional traits such as specific leaf area, leaf tissue density and fine root to root length. The results will help to better understand the response characteristics of leaves and fine roots of Cunninghamia lanceolata to different habitats and ecological adaptation strategies, and provide scientific basis for rational management and expansion regulation of bamboo forest. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献