Estimation of Turkey׳s GHG emissions from electricity generation by fuel types

Abstract

As a result of fossil fuel combustion in electricity generation, significant amounts of CO2 is emitted and the amount of emission differs based on fuel type. In Turkey, a considerable amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is related to electricity generation, and CO2 has the highest share among those. A number of technical, economic and social factors such as economic growth, energy consumption, types of energy sources, seasonality, employment and increase in population affect the changes in the emission rates. An energy system based on fossil fuels is mainly responsible for high GHG emissions and there are some measures to reduce the emission of GHGs. Development of renewable energy sources and improvements in energy efficiency are among the most important measures. Market based mechanisms are among other measures that directly target GHGs. Considering the fossil fuels in the energy mix, using fossil fuels with high heating values and efficient energy conversion technologies means less GHGs. Organizing training and information programs for raising people׳s energy awareness, encouraging conservation, and increasing energy efficiency would have a significant role in reducing GHGs as well. This study attempts to estimate the annual CO2 emission from electricity generation according to fuel types for the period between 2013 and 2017. Electricity generation data according to fuel types were obtained from Turkish Electricity Transmission Co. (TEIAS)׳s 5-year electricity generation capacity projection (2013–2017). According to the estimations, Turkey׳s CO2 emission values are expected to increase in the forthcoming years. Additionally, estimated revenues from the carbon tax imposed on the electricity generated by fossil fuels were calculated for each year of the projection period. This revenue creates a significant economic resource. Results of this study are expected to guide policy makers in developing energy and environmental policies, and contribute to energy diversity studies.