Estimation of total bearing capacity of Pretensioned Spun Concrete Piles using a hybrid machine learning model

Metaheuristic approaches for prediction of water quality indices with relief algorithm-based feature selection

Soil erosion is a major cause of damage to agricultural lands in many parts of the world and is of particular concern in semiarid parts of Iran. We use five machine learning techniques—Random Forest (RF), M5P, Reduced Error Pruning Tree (REPTree), Gaussian Processes (GP), and Pace Regression (PR)—under two scenarios to predict soil erodibility in the Dehgolan region, Kurdistan Province, Iran. Our models are based on a variety of soil properties, including soil texture, structure, permeability, bulk density, aggregates, organic matter, and chemical constituents. We checked the validity of the models with statistical metrics, including the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), T-tests, Taylor diagrams, and box plots. All five algorithms show a positive correlation between the soil erodibility factor (K) and silt, sand, fine sand, bulk density, and infiltration. The GP model has the highest prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.843, MAE = 0.0044, RMSE = 0.0050). It outperformed the RF (R2 = 0.812, MAE = 0.0050, RMSE = 0.0061), PR, (R2 = 0.794, MAE = 0.0037, RMSE = 0.0052), M5P (R2 = 0.781, MAE = 0.0043, RMSE = 0.0053), and REPTree (R2 = 0.752, MAE = 0.0045, RMSE = 0.0056) algorithms and thus is a useful complement to studies aimed at predicting soil erodibility in areas with similar climate and soil characteristics.

The use of recycled glass in the concrete mix instead of natural coarse aggregates and supplemental cementitious material has several advantages, including the conservation of natural resources, the reduction of CO2 emissions, and cost savings. However, due to their qualities, the mechanical properties of concrete containing Ground Glass Particles (GGP) differ from those of natural aggregates concrete. As a result, assessing the compressive strength (CS) of concrete with GGP is crucial. Therefore, this paper proposes the hybrid Machine Learning (ML) model including the Gradient Boosting (GB) and Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithms for predicting the compressive strength of concrete containing GGP. The hybrid ML model is developed and validated based on the training dataset (70% of the data) and the test dataset (30% of the remaining data), respectively. The performance of hybrid ML model is evaluated by three criteria, such as the Pearson correlation coefficient (R), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The K-Fold Cross-Validation technique is also used to verify the reliability of the hybrid ML model). The best performance of the hybrid ML model is determined with the R = 0.9843, RMSE = 1.7256 (MPa), and MAE = 1.3154 (MPa) for training dataset and R = 0.9784, RMSE = 2.4338 (MPa) and MAE = 1.9618 (MPa) for testing dataset. Based on the best hybrid ML model, the sensitivity analysis including SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) and Partial Dependence Plots (PDP) 2D are investigated to obtain an in-depth examination of each individual input variable on the predicted compressive strength of concrete contaning GGP. The sensitivity analysis shows that four factors, such as curing age, surface area, TiO2, and temperature have the most effect on the compressive strength of concrete containing GGP.

A spillway is a structure used to regulate the discharge flowing from hydraulic structures such as a dam. It also helps to dissipate the excess energy of water through the still basins. Therefore, it has a significant effect on the safety of the dam. One of the most serious problems that may be happening below the spillway is bed scouring, which leads to soil erosion and spillway failure. This will happen due to the high flow velocity on the spillway. In this study, an alternative to the conventional methods was employed to predict scour depth (SD) downstream of the ski-jump spillway. A novel optimization algorithm, namely, Harris hawks optimization (HHO), was proposed to enhance the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the SD. The performance of the new hybrid ANN-HHO model was compared with two hybrid models, namely, the particle swarm optimization with ANN (ANN-PSO) model and the genetic algorithm with ANN (ANN-GA) model to illustrate the efficiency of ANN-HHO. Additionally, the results of the three hybrid models were compared with the traditional ANN and the empirical Wu model (WM) through performance metrics, viz., mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of correlation (CC), Willmott index (WI), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and through graphical interpretation (line, scatter, and box plots, and Taylor diagram). Results of the analysis revealed that the ANN-HHO model (MAE = 0.1760 m, RMSE = 0.2538 m) outperformed ANN-PSO (MAE = 0.2094 m, RMSE = 0.2891 m), ANN-GA (MAE = 0.2178 m, RMSE = 0.2981 m), ANN (MAE = 0.2494 m, RMSE = 0.3152 m) and WM (MAE = 0.1868 m, RMSE = 0.2701 m) models in the testing period. Besides, graphical inspection displays better accuracy of the ANN-HHO model than ANN-PSO, ANN-GA, ANN, and WM models for prediction of SD around the ski-jump spillway.

Time in range prediction using the experimental mobile application in type 1 diabetes

Water level predictions in the river, lake and delta play an important role in flood management. Every year Mekong River delta of Vietnam is experiencing flood due to heavy monsoon rains and high tides. Land subsidence may also aggravate flooding problems in this area. Therefore, accurate predictions of water levels in this region are very important to forewarn the people and authorities for taking timely adequate remedial measures to prevent losses of life and property. There are so many methods available to predict the water levels based on historical data but nowadays Machine Learning (ML) methods are considered the best tool for accurate prediction. In this study, we have used surface water level data of 18 water level measurement stations of the Mekong River delta from 2000 to 2018 to build novel time-series Bagging based hybrid ML models namely: Bagging (RF), Bagging (SOM) and Bagging (M5P) to predict historical water levels in the study area. Performances of the Bagging-based hybrid models were compared with Reduced Error Pruning Trees (REPT), which is a benchmark ML model. The data of 19 years period was divided into 70:30 ratio for the modeling. The data of the period 1/2000 to 5/2013 (which is about 70% of total data) was used for the training and for the period 5/2013 to 12/2018 (which is about 30% of total data) was used for testing (validating) the models. Performance of the models was evaluated using standard statistical measures: Coefficient of Determination (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Results show that the performance of all the developed models is good (R2 > 0.9) for the prediction of water levels in the study area. However, the Bagging-based hybrid models are slightly better than another model such as REPT. Thus, these Bagging-based hybrid time series models can be used for predicting water levels at Mekong data.

Groundwater in coastal regions is threatened by saltwater intrusion (SWI). Beach nourishment is used in this study to manage SWI in the Biscayne aquifer, Florida, USA, using a 3D SEAWAT model nourishment considering the future sea level rise and freshwater over-pumping. The present study focused on the development and comparative evaluation of seven machine learning (ML) models, i.e., additive regression (AR), support vector machine (SVM), reduced error pruning tree (REPTree), Bagging, random subspace (RSS), random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the SWI using beach nourishment. The performance of ML models was assessed using statistical indicators such as coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), means absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and root relative squared error (RRSE) along with the graphical inspection (i.e., Radar and Taylor diagram). The findings indicate that applying SVM, Bagging, RSS, and RF models has great potential in predicting the SWI values with limited data in the study area. The RF model emerged as the best fit and closely matched observed values; it obtained R2 (0.999), NSE (0.999), MAE (0.324), RRSE (0.209), and RMSE (0.416) during the testing process. The present study concludes that the RF model could be a valuable tool for accurate predictions of SWI and effective water management in coastal areas.

This research presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of an 11‐bus, 15 kV radial distribution network in Ethiopia, utilizing particle swarm optimization (PSO) to assess the impact of emerging load prediction models and distributed generation (DG) integration. Load forecasting is conducted using the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), with validation carried out through an artificial neural network (ANN). The average forecasted load predicted by ANFIS is 6,071.5 kVA, compared to 6,105.7 kVA by ANN. The accuracy of these forecasts is quantified by mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and the coefficient of determination (R2), where ANFIS demonstrates superior performance with a MAE = 7.7611, MAPE = 0.14401, MSE = 0.6399, RMSE = 0.79993, and R2 = 0.99993, in contrast to ANN’s MAE = 31.4114, MAPE = 1.631%, MSE = 109.55, RMSE = 10.467, and R2 = 0.98797. The study further examines the network’s operational efficiency in terms of power loss, voltage stability index (VSI), average voltage deviation index (AVDI), loss of load probability (LOLP), energy not supplied (ENS), and average energy not supplied (AENS). These performance metrics are evaluated under various load conditions, including base load and forecasted loads derived from both ANN and ANFIS predictions, incorporating DG integration. The results highlight that the PSO algorithm excels in optimizing network performance, achieving remarkable results across all evaluated parameters. Despite these promising findings, the study has certain limitations. The proposed model assumes ideal DG operation without considering uncertainties in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power variations. Additionally, the impact of network reconfiguration and real‐time control strategies for dynamic load variations is not fully explored. The computational complexity of integrating ANFIS‐based forecasting with large‐scale networks poses a challenge, requiring further optimization for practical applications. Future research should address these challenges by incorporating probabilistic models for DG output fluctuations, real‐time network reconfiguration techniques, and hybrid optimization approaches for enhanced scalability and adaptability.

Evaluation of photoantioxidant activities of SnO2, doped SnO2, and dual-doped SnO2 using artificial neural networks and neuro-fuzzy system

Modeling the flow rate of dry part in the wet gas mixture using decision tree/kernel/non-parametric regression-based soft-computing techniques

The search for better climate change adaptation techniques for addressing environmental and economic issues due to changing climate is of paramount interest in the current era. One of the many ways Pacific Island regions and its people get affected is by dry spells and drought events from extreme climates. A drought is simply a prolonged shortage of water supply in an area. The impact of drought varies both temporally and spatially that can be catastrophic for such regions with lack of resources and facilities to mitigate the drought impacts. Therefore, forecasting drought events using predictive models that have practical implications for understanding drought hydrology and water resources management can allow enough time to take appropriate adaption measures. This study investigates the feasibility of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms for prediction of a drought index: Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The purpose of the study was to develop an ANN model to predict the index in two selected regions in Queensland, Australia. The first region, is named as the grassland and the second as the temperate region. The monthly gridded meteorological variables (precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature) that acted as input parameters in ANN model were obtained from Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP) for 1915–2013 period. The potential evapotranspiration (PET), calculated using thornthwaite method, was also an input variable, while SPEI was the predictand for the ANN model. The input data were divided into training (80%), validation (10%) and testing (10%) sets. To determine the optimum ANN model, the Levenberg-Marquardt and Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno quasi-Newton backpropagation algorithms were used for training the ANN network and the tangent sigmoid, logarithmic sigmoid and linear activation algorithms were used for hidden transfer and output functions. The best architecture of input-hidden neuron-output neurons was 4-28-1 and 4-27-1 for grassland and temperate region, respectively. For evaluation and selection of the optimum ANN model, the statistical metrics: Coefficient of Determination (R 2 ), Willmott’s Index of Agreement (d), Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency (E), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) were employed. The R 2 , d, E, RMSE and MAE for optimum ANN models were 0.9839, 0.9909, 0.9838, 0.1338, 0.0882 and 0.9886, 0.9935, 0.9874, 0.1198, 0.0814 for grassland and temperate region, respectively. When prediction errors were analysed, a value of 0.0025 to 0.8224 was obtained for the grassland region, and a value of 0.0113 to 0.6667 was obtained for the temperate region, indicating that the ANN model exhibit a good skill in predicting the monthly SPEI. Based on the evaluation and statistical analysis of the predicted SPEI and its errors in the test period, we conclude that the ANN model can be used as a useful data-driven tool for forecasting drought events. Broadly, the ANN model can be applied for prediction of other climate related variables, and therefore can play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation and mitigation plans in developed and developing nations, and most importantly, in the Pacific Island Nations where drought events have a detrimental impact on economic development.

Cryptocurrency is a popular digital currency due to its security and peer-to-peer transferability. Predicting cryptocurrency prices is crucial for investors and traders to make informed decisions on buying, selling, or holding cryptocurrencies based on their expected value, potential risks, and returns. This study aims to identify the optimal model for predicting the prices of cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH), using Deephaven for Data curation. The study involves extracting data from both cryptocurrencies by Deephaven and selecting the most correlating parameters through time lag adjustment. We use correlating cryptocurrency data to train models, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Long-Short Term Memories (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU). Where the trial-and-error technique was applied for selecting optimized hyper-parameters for each model. The models are then evaluated by statistical evaluators, such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), separately for training and testing datasets. For Bitcoin, the results showed that the LSTM model outperform ANN and GRU models in both training and testing data with MAE, RMSE, and MAPE average values of 0.079, 1.16, and 0.0006, respectively. While for Ethereum, the results also revealed that LSTM model performance is superior with MAE, RMSE, and MAPE average values of 0.0025, 0.124 and 0.0002, respectively. While GRU (MAE 0.012, RMSE 0.117, MAPE 0.002) performs robustly against ANN (MAE 0.035, RMSE 0.149, MAPE 0.003) model.

Among all solutions for disrupted vortex formation in shaft spillways, an innovative one called Circular Piano Key Spillway, based upon piano key weir principles, has been experimented less. In this study, the potential of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in estimating the amounts of discharge coefficient of Circular Piano Key Spillway has been evaluated. In order to pursue this purpose, the results of some physical experiments were used. These experiments have been conducted in the hydraulic laboratory using different physical models of Circular Piano Key Spillway including three models with different angles of 45, 60 and 90 degrees. Data from those experiments were used in training and test steps of ANN models. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network with Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm was used. The performance of artificial neural network was measured by these statistical indicators: coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and optimum quantities of statistical indicators for test step were assessed 0.9999, 0.4988, 0.5963 and 0.9999 respectively, for Circular Piano Key Spillway with an angle of 90 degree and for training step were assessed 0.9999, 0.5479, 0.6305 and 0.9999 respectively, for Circular Piano Key Spillway with an angle of 90 degree. In other words, Circular Piano Key Spillway with an angle of 90 degrees has the optimum performance, both in training and test steps. Artificial Neural Network model can successfully estimate the amounts of discharge coefficient of Circular Piano Key Spillway.

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate a machine learning (ML) algorithm to accurately predict bamboo compressive strength (BCS). Using a dataset of 150 bamboo samples with features such as cross-sectional area, dry weight, density, outer diameter, culm thickness and load, various ML algorithms including artificial neural network (ANN), extreme learning machine (ELM) and support vector regression (SVR) were tested. The ELM algorithm outperformed others, showing superior accuracy based on metrics like R2, MSE, RMSE, MAE and MAPE. The study highlights the efficacy of ELM in enhancing the precision and reliability of BCS predictions, establishing it as a valuable tool for assessing bamboo strength.Design/methodology/approachThis study experimentally created a dataset of 150 bamboo samples to predict BCS using ML algorithms. Key predictive features included cross-sectional area, dry weight, density, outer diameter, culm thickness and load. The performance of various ML algorithms, including ANN, ELM and SVR, was evaluated. ELM demonstrated superior performance based on metrics such as coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), establishing its robustness in predicting BCS accurately.FindingsThe study found that the ELM algorithm outperformed other ML algorithms, including ANN and SVR, in predicting BCS. ELM achieved the highest accuracy based on key metrics such as R2, MSE, RMSE, MAE and MAPE. These results indicate that ELM is a highly effective and reliable tool for predicting the compressive strength of bamboo, thereby enhancing the precision and dependability of BCS evaluations.Originality/valueThis study is original in its application of the ELM algorithm to predict BCS using experimentally derived data. By comparing ELM with other ML algorithms like ANN and SVR, the research establishes ELM’s superior performance and reliability. The findings demonstrate the significant potential of ELM in material strength prediction, offering a novel and robust approach to evaluating bamboo’s compressive properties. This contributes valuable insights into the field of material science and engineering, particularly in the context of sustainable construction materials.

Water quality assessment is paramount for environmental monitoring and resource management, particularly in regions experiencing rapid urbanization and industrialization. This study introduces Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and its hybrid machine learning models, namely ANN-RF (Random Forest), ANN-SVM (Support Vector Machine), ANN-RSS (Random Subspace), ANN-M5P (M5 Pruned), and ANN-AR (Additive Regression) for water quality assessment in the rapidly urbanizing and industrializing Bagh River Basin, India. The Relief algorithm was employed to select the most influential water quality input parameters, including Nitrate (NO3−), Magnesium (Mg2+), Sulphate (SO42−), Calcium (Ca2+), and Potassium (K+). The comparative analysis of developed ANN and its hybrid models was carried out using statistical indicators (i.e., Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC), Coefficient of Determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Relative Root Square Error (RRSE), Relative Absolute Error (RAE), and Mean Bias Error (MBE)) and graphical representations (i.e., Taylor diagram). Results indicate that the integration of support vector machine (SVM) with ANN significantly improves performance, yielding impressive statistical indicators: NSE (0.879), R2 (0.904), MAE (22.349), and MBE (12.548). The methodology outlined in this study can serve as a template for enhancing the predictive capabilities of ANN models in various other environmental and ecological applications, contributing to sustainable development and safeguarding natural resources.