Abstract
Groundwater is an important water source, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Recharge is critical to managing and analyzing groundwater resources despite estimation difficulty due to temporal and spatial change. the study aim is to estimate annual groundwater recharge for the eastern Wasit Province, Iraq. Where suffers from a surface water shortage due to the region's high elevation above Tigris River water elevation by about 60 m. It is necessary to search for alternative water sources, such as groundwater use, especially with the increased demand for water in light of the growth of oil extraction in the region, where oil extraction requires a quantity of water three times the amount of oil extracted. The result shows the annual recharge calculated using the WetSpass model for the period (2014-2019) ranged from 0 to 65.176 mm/year at a rate of 27.117 mm/year and a standard deviation of 21.498. The simulation results reveal that the WetSpass model simulates the components of the hydrological water budget correctly. For managing and planning available water resources, a better grasp of the simulation of long-term average geographical distribution around the components of the water balance is beneficial.
Highlights
The world’s largest freshwater resource is groundwater, which is essential for irrigated agriculture and, as a result, for global food security
The result shows that the annual recharge calculated using the WetSpass model (2014-2019) varied of 0 to 65.176 mm/year at an average of 27.117 mm/year, about 10.8%, while the rate of the surface runoff was 5.2% and Evapotranspiration formed 83.33% of the annual rainfall rate of 251.192 mm
The volume of water from the annual recharge obtained by groundwater is 136.751 million cubic meters of groundwater
Summary
The world’s largest freshwater resource is groundwater, which is essential for irrigated agriculture and, as a result, for global food security. Large groundwater systems have been depleted in both semi-arid and humid regions of the globe. The primary source of depletion is excessive irrigation extraction in areas where groundwater is slowly recharged, and climate change can exacerbate the situation in particular areas. Groundwater levels must be stabilised in such areas for long-term food production to be sustainable. We must change the way we value, manage, and classify groundwater resources [1]. One of the most significant natural resources on the planet is groundwater. Many major cities and small towns worldwide rely on groundwater for their water supplies, owing to its quantity, consistent quality, and low cost of extraction [3]
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