Estimation of gas emission released from a municipal solid waste landfill site through a modeling approach: A case study, Sanandaj, Iran

Evaluation of greenhouse gas emission and reduction potential of high-food-waste-content municipal solid waste landfills: A case study of a landfill in the east of China

MSW landfill siting is a complicated process because it requires integration of several factors. In this paper, geographic information system (GIS) and multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) were combined to handle the municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill siting. For this purpose, first, 16 input data layers were prepared in GIS environment. Then, the exclusionary lands were eliminated and potentially suitable areas for the MSW disposal were identified. These potentially suitable areas, in an innovative approach, were further examined by deploying Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) II and analytic network process (ANP), which are two of the most recent MCDA methods, in order to determine land suitability for landfilling. PROMETHEE II was used to determine a complete ranking of the alternatives, while ANP was employed to quantify the subjective judgments of evaluators as criteria weights. The resulting land suitability was reported on a grading scale of 1-5 from 1 to 5, which is the least to the most suitable area, respectively. Finally, three optimal sites were selected by taking into consideration the local conditions of 15 sites, which were candidates for MSW landfilling. Research findings show that the raster-based method yields effective results.

Greenhouse gas emissions during MSW landfilling in China: Influence of waste characteristics and LFG treatment measures

The present key challenges the world is currently facing are the environmental pollution, climate change and energy crisis. The anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide due to burning of fossil fuels for energy production and other greenhouse gas emissions are considered unsustainable, and whole world is having a paradigm shift towards the renewable energy. The one of the major contributor of the greenhouse gases like methane, carbon dioxide are the municipal solid waste landfill sites. The landfill sites contains nearly 50–60% of organic contents, and they undergo anaerobic decomposition with a help microbes in the waste dumps contribute to the higher percent of methane emissions. There is now enhanced public awareness on sustainable products, and commodities usage in their daily needs, hence the global warming can be slowed down and devise an environmentally sound sustainable society. The present study aimed to provide a methodology to quantify the amount of methane and carbon-di-oxide emitted from the Tirupati municipal solid waste dumpsite using LandGEM3.02 model and empirical equation to estimate the renewable energy potential. The method provided was simple and more accurate having higher efficiency in predicting the landfill emissions and subsequently the energy potential. The study shows that the energy emission potential are maximum to the waste with a higher fraction of biodegradable organic content. Therefore, the method can be implemented in all the landfills by the policy makers to predict the methane emissions and control the greenhouse gas emissions by sequestering the methane and carbon dioxide optimally for energy production.•Landfill gases are a primary constituent in greenhouse gases and has potential for energy production.•The results from this study showed an abundant quantity of methane and carbon dioxide are emitted from tripathi landfill site.•The study concludes that methane can be extracted and used as alternative source of sustainable energy.

This study focuses on defining the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Ha Noi city. Firstly, the MSW samplings at Nam Son and Xuan Son landfills were collected to identify the components. Based on the statistical data on the amount and ratio of MSW collected, the volume of MSW treated by different technologies was estimated. Then, the GHG emissions were quantified by applying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 model. The annual GHG released from MSW in Ha Noi in 2017 was 1.1 million tons of CO2e from landfilling, 16.3 thousand tons of CO2e from incineration, and 76,100 tons of CO2e from composting. The GHG emission level from landfills is the highest (327 kg of CO2e per ton of treated waste), followed by composting (189 kg of CO2e per ton), and incineration (115 kg of CO2e per ton). The GHG emissions from landfills comprised nearly 90% of GHG emissions from MSW disposal in Ha Noi. The results also revealed that if there are no measures to recover landfill gas for energy generation, the GHG generated from MSW treatment facilities will also contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect and climate change impact. These research results also supply the basis information for decision-makers to select the appropriate MSW treatment technologies for Ha Noi in the context of increasing population pressure and environmental pollution.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and disposal is a major problem of urban environment in the world today. MSW management solutions have to be technologically feasible, legally and socially acceptable and environmentally and financially sustainable. European policy is pushing to a rational management of natural resources; a promising technological perspective today is waste valorization, a process that becomes possible through sorting at the source, combined with material recycling and waste-to-energy methods. On the other hand, technologies like mechanical sorting, or disposal of MSW in landfills do not really improve MSW management efficiency. Landfills should become the ultimate disposal site of a few inert residuals from MSW valorization. Despite all this, conventional landfills for disposal of mixed MSW are still being constructed, with landfill site selection being a major social problem due to the lack of public acceptance; objectivity in landfill site selection is therefore extremely important. In Greece, we find several examples of inefficient MSW management and curious landfill site selection. In this paper, we criticize environmental policy issues for MSW management in Greece and identify weak points in the criteria used for the selection of landfill sites. We conclude that there is a real need for rational MSW management based on high quality scientific input.

Waste disposal sector is an important anthropogenic source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; therefore, it is important to accurately estimate GHG budget of waste disposal activities and evaluate its contribution to global GHG emissions. Based on the GHG inventory guidelines provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this study calculated GHGs from the municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal sector (including landfill, incineration, and compost) in China during the period 2002–2017. Overall GHG emission from the MSW disposal sector increased from 30,392.0 Gg CO2 in 2002 to 76,623.0 Gg in 2017. MSW landfill contributed most to GHG emissions as indicated by the emission share of landfill decreasing from a peak value of 93.5% in 2002 to 65.8% in 2017. GHG emissions from MSW incineration increased rapidly from less than 3.0% in 2002 to 32.8% in 2017. In 2017, East China contributed the most among the seven regions of China, while the Northwest contributed the least. Methane mitigation technologies such as landfill gas to energy projects and functional solid cover utilization are the primary measures for reducing GHG emissions from landfill; conversion of the treatment method from landfill to incineration is another effective measure; MSW sorting and source reduction of waste amounts prior to incineration were also found to be promising strategies.

Conform municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills will continue to be used, in the nearest future, in accordance with environmental protection legislation. Due to this fact, the environmental factors such as: water, air, fauna and vegetation, soil, as well as the human health will be affected. The Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions (CH4, CO2, N2O, other nitrogen oxides, water vapor steams) are taken into consideration being responsible for a great part of the world environmental changes, 3÷5%, approximately. It is to be noted that, on the national territories, the GHG emissions should be considered due to a bad management of those. The MSW landfilling allows collecting landfill gas (LFG) in a place by collection and treatment of CH4, CO2 and H2S, for economical purposes and human beings health protection. Methane (CH4) is a strong GHG but has economical value and in the same time, is an important energetic source. Collecting this gas involves important costs. Waste disposal have to be analyzed from the point of view of its enclosed constituents, humidity kept, permeability, biodegradation rate, compacting density, temperature inside the landfill body and atmospheric pressure variations. This article is dedicated to studying the parameters of LFG collection wells, which are used as part of vertical collection systems. For this purpose, the modeling approaches to the main processes occurring in the porous medium of the landfill (MSW) are taken into account.

BackgroundDue to a rapid urbanization process in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile (MRS), the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated has increased considerably within the last years. MSW should be managed properly in order to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to analyze MSW management in MRS on the basis of three different explorative scenarios for the year 2030.MethodsThe Integrative Sustainability Concept of the Helmholtz Association provided a conceptual framework for the study and was used to evaluate the scenarios. One important topic within the field of management of MSW in the year 2030 will be the contribution of waste treatment technologies to energy production, e.g., by the use of landfill gas and by separated collection of biowaste followed by anaerobic treatment.ResultsThe largest sustainability deficits in the scenarios are the small proportion of MSW being pre-treated before final disposal and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with MSW disposal. MSW management technologies taken into consideration were mechanical biological treatment, energy recovery from MSW in anaerobic digestion plants with biogas production, the production of refuse-derived fuel and its use as a secondary fuel, as well as electricity generation from landfill gas. Energy generation from MSW in 2030 will be about 6% of electricity consumption in 2010.ConclusionsThe three scenarios show some sustainability deficits. Even so, there are some improvements such as the reduction of GHG emissions and - even though marginal - energy supply for MRS from renewable energy sources.

In Malaysia, the rapid growth of population and new consumption trends are causing an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate. To make matters worse, the current MSW handling practices in Malaysia are mostly dumping in open landfills with no proper landfill gas collection and energy recovery system, producing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere. This handling process undoubtedly causes climate change and is economically unfavourable. In this study, a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach was simulated using General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) to determine the optimum allocation of MSW on different disposal and treatment facilities (DTF), including sanitary landfills, incineration, recycling, anaerobic digestion, composting, and plasma arc gasification. The mathematical model utilised the augmented e-constraint method to minimise the capital and operational cost, maximise the value of final products, and minimise GHG emissions simultaneously. As compared to the current MSW management situation in Malaysia (total cost: 7.24 M MYR/d, net GHG emissions: 70,465 t CO2-eq/d), the least cost Pareto solution (total cost: 7.23 M MYR/d, net GHG emissions: 24,630 t CO2-eq/d) shows a more than 65 % reduction in GHG emissions without incurring any additional cost. The 9th,10th, and 11th Pareto optimal solutions would be able to achieve the national recycling target of 22 % by 2020 as promulgated by the Malaysia Government. It is hoped that this study can provide guidance on the best allocation of MSW on DTF for decision-makers to plan and design the best in class solution for MSW management not only in Malaysia but also regions that face a similar MSW disposal dilemma.

Disposal of municipal solid waste in sanitary landfills is still the main waste management method in the Attica region, as in most regions of Greece. Nevertheless, diversion from landfilling is being promoted by regional plans, in which the perspectives of new waste treatment technologies are being evaluated. The present study aimed to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions impact of different municipal solid waste treatment technologies currently under assessment in the new regional plan for Attica. These technologies are mechanical-biological treatment, mass-burn incineration and mechanical treatment and have been assessed in the context of different scenarios. The present study utilized existing methodologies and emission factors for the quantification of GHG emissions from the waste management process and found that all technologies under assessment could provide GHG emission savings. However, the performance and ranking of these technologies is strongly dependent on the existence of end markets for the waste-derived fuels produced by the mechanical-biological treatment processes. In the absence of these markets the disposal of these fuels would be necessary and thus significant GHG savings would be lost.

The Government of Canada has ratified the Kyoto Protocol, committing to a 6% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 1990 levels during the commitment period of 2008–2012. To attain this target, emission reductions throughout many sectors must be achieved. The waste sector can assist Canada in reducing GHG emissions to meet its commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. In 2001, the waste sector generated 24.8 megatonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) from landfill gas (LFG) generation, wastewater treatment, and incineration. Emissions from the transportation of solid waste were not considered, and are seen to be small. Several strategies for reducing GHG emissions from solid waste are analyzed. Source reduction decreases the amount of material being generated, thus reducing from the source any emissions that might be related to the life cycle of the material. Recycling can reduce GHG emissions by reducing the amount of virgin material being processed, avoiding life cycle emissions. Landfill gas collection for energy recovery can reduce methane (CH4) emissions from organic wastes in landfills, and the Government of Canada's Climate Change Plan has considered this strategy. Anaerobic digestion converts some of the organic matter in the municipal solid waste (MSW) to both CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2), where the CH4 can be used to generate power, while composting converts some of the organic fraction to CO2. Both of these processes produce a soil conditioner as their residue. Waste incineration reduces MSW volume and can generate power, displacing generation from fossil fuels. An integrated approach, considering these techniques where appropriate, can succeed in reducing emissions from the solid waste sector. Policy choices such as extended producer responsibility, minimum recycled content laws, and LFG capture criteria would increase the impact of solid waste management on GHG emissions. Key words: climate change, Kyoto Protocol, municipal solid waste, source reduction, recycling, landfill gas capture, anaerobic digestion.

Analysis of carbon reduction potential from typical municipal solid waste incineration plants under MSW classification.

Leaching behavior and environmental risk assessment of toxic metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash exposed to mature landfill leachate environment

Greenhouse gas emission mitigation potential from municipal solid waste treatment: A combined SD-LMDI model