Abstract
Statistics show that the majority of aircraft accidents occurs in the vicinity of airfield areas. Yet the main factors leading to fatalities in these accidents are the forces encountered by human occupants in collision with obstacles and the presence of fire. It is possible to single out a group of “technically survivable” accidents from the total number of accidents, in which a crew member or passengers could have survived, if the evacuation took place in a timely manner. The share of such accidents is about 85–90%. However, up to 40% of passengers die in technically survivable accidents. Applicable protection systems are only adequate, if the passengers manage to exit the airplane and get to a safe distance within a limited timeframe. Although these systems have been sufficiently developed; this is one of the most significant problems in modern aviation. This means, that the study of possibilities and the development of the methods and means of passenger evacuation in aircraft accidents, specifically in and around airport areas, are relevant to be addressed.
Highlights
The characteristics of the Evacuation of Passengers in Aircraft Accidents in Airfield Areas
The evacuation capabilities depend on the class of aircraft, its cabin layout, total number of passengers, availability of emergency exits, and the time required for the operation of the latter
Aircraft rescue and emergency measures provided at an airfield should ensure immediate and effective arrangements for the rescue of passengers and aircraft crew in case of an aircraft accident within the airfield, along with evacuation of damaged aircraft in the event of undershoot, overshoot or excursion from the runway
Summary
The characteristics of the Evacuation of Passengers in Aircraft Accidents in Airfield Areas. Aircraft rescue and emergency measures provided at an airfield should ensure immediate and effective arrangements for the rescue of passengers and aircraft crew in case of an aircraft accident within the airfield, along with evacuation of damaged aircraft in the event of undershoot, overshoot or excursion from the runway. This was discussed in ICAOMontreal, Quebec (2011). The aircraft commander should always be ready to take the necessary measures against the panic attacks and the lack of self-discipline among some passengers and even entire groups This was discussed in Shestakov and Lazareva (2016). 2020, 24(2): 72–79 factor in the development of fire scenarios and the capacities of crews and airport services are presented
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