Estimating the Effect of Conflict on Food Supply at the National Level

Significant progress has been made in improving global food security, yet some countries still face severe challenges. In some cases, violent armed conflict has potentially contributed to local food insecurity due to disruption of food production and agricultural markets. Despite the relevance of this topic in context of tracking global food security, there is a paucity of empirical work examining this cross-country variation. Therefore, this study uses country-level data, covering 106 countries in Africa, Asia, Central and South America between 1961–2011, to estimate the relation between conflict and food security. Results show that conflict is associated with a large estimated reduction in the national dietary energy supply and highlight the negative correlation between conflict and food security, illustrating how certain types of conflict could potentially undo years of progress.

ABSTRACTInternational food trade is widely recognized as a crucial mechanism for ensuring global food security. However, its impacts on food security remain a topic of ongoing debate and warrant further exploration. Therefore, this study examined the spatial and temporal patterns of international food trade's role in ensuring food security for countries facing domestic food shortages. First, it was confirmed that the global food crisis was not caused by food production scarcity; the international food trade distribution inequity in the context of free trade may be the key factor in food insecurity. Second, the results revealed that international soybean trade contributed more than the other three international food trades in ensuring food security in the past 60 years, with the average ratios of trade amount to domestic shortages of rice, wheat, maize, and soybean being 84%, 96%, 92%, and 100%, respectively. Third, spatial heterogeneity was found in the role that international food trade played in ensuring food security. Almost all countries with domestic food shortages have alleviated the dilemma of food shortfall through international food trade, but some countries were still faced with the predicament, particularly some low‐ and medium‐income countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America, where the situation of food shortages deepened after participating in food trade activities. Addressing global food security requires equitable trade policies, strengthened antitrust regulations to curb transnational corporations’ dominance, and sustainable agricultural practices to enhance food distribution. Additionally, mitigating speculative activities, reassessing biofuel policies, and reducing food loss and waste are essential for fostering a more resilient global food system. This study offers insights into contemporary debates surrounding international food trade, underscoring the need for comprehensive policies and better programs across all sectors to facilitate food trading and promote global food security.

Agriculture production is directly dependent on climate change and weather. Possible changes in temperature, precipitation and CO2 concentration are expected to significantly impact crop growth and ultimately we lose our crop productivity and indirectly affect the sustainable food availability issue. The overall impact of climate change on worldwide food production is considered to be low to moderate with successful adaptation and adequate irrigation. Climate change has a serious impact on the availability of various resources on the earth especially water, which sustains life on this planet. The global food security situation and outlook remains delicately imbalanced amid surplus food production and the prevalence of hunger, due to the complex interplay of social, economic, and ecological factors that mediate food security outcomes at various human and institutional scales. Weather aberration poses complex challenges in terms of increased variability and risk for food producers and the energy and water sectors. Changes in the biosphere, biodiversity and natural resources are adversely affecting human health and quality of life. Throughout the 21st century, India is projected to experience warming above global level. India will also begin to experience more seasonal variation in temperature with more warming in the winters than summers. Longevity of heat waves across India has extended in recent years with warmer night temperatures and hotter days, and this trend is expected to continue. Strategic research priorities are outlined for a range of sectors that underpin global food security, including: agriculture, ecosystem services from agriculture, climate change, international trade, water management solutions, the water-energy-food security nexus, service delivery to smallholders and women farmers, and better governance models and regional priority setting. There is a need to look beyond agriculture and invest in affordable and suitable farm technologies if the problem of food insecurity is to be addressed in a sustainable manner. Introduction Globally, agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change. This vulnerability is relatively higher in India in view of the large population depending on agriculture and poor coping capabilities of small and marginal farmers. Impacts of climate change pose a serious threat to food security. “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life” (World Food Summit, 1996). This definition gives rise to four dimensions of food security: availability of food, accessibility (economically and physically), utilization (the way it is used and assimilated by the human body) and stability of these three dimensions. According to the United Nations, in 2015, there are still 836 million people in the world living in extreme poverty (less than USD1.25/day) (UN, 2015). And according to the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), at least 70 percent of the very poor live in rural areas, most of them depending partly (or completely) on agriculture for their livelihoods. It is estimated that 500 million smallholder farms in the developing world are supporting almost 2 billion people, and in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa these small farms produce about 80 percent of the food consumed. Climate change threatens to reverse the progress made so far in the fight against hunger and malnutrition. As highlighted by the assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC), climate change augments and intensifies risks to food security for the most vulnerable countries and populations. Few of the major risks induced by climate change, as identified by IPCC have direct consequences for food security (IPCC, 2007). These are mainly to loss of rural livelihoods and income, loss of marine and coastal ecosystems, livelihoods loss of terrestrial and inland water ecosystems and food insecurity (breakdown of food systems). Rural farmers, whose livelihood depends on the use of natural resources, are likely to bear the brunt of adverse impacts. Most of the crop simulation model runs and experiments under elevated temperature and carbon dioxide indicate that by 2030, a 3-7% decline in the yield of principal cereal crops like rice and wheat is likely in India by adoption of current production technologies. Global warming impacts growth, reproduction and yields of food and horticulture crops, increases crop water requirement, causes more soil erosion, increases thermal stress on animals leading to decreased milk yields and change the distribution and breeding season of fisheries. Fast changing climatic conditions, shrinking land, water and other natural resources with rapid growing population around the globe has put many challenges before us (Mukherjee, 2014). Food is going to be second most challenging issue for mankind in time to come. India will also begin to experience more seasonal variation in temperature with more warming in the winters than summers (Christensen et al., 2007). Climate change is posing a great threat to agriculture and food security in India and it's subcontinent. Water is the most critical agricultural input in India, as 55% of the total cultivated areas do not have irrigation facilities. Currently we are able to secure food supplies under these varying conditions. Under the threat of climate variability, our food grain production system becomes quite comfortable and easily accessible for local people. India's food grain production is estimated to rise 2 per cent in 2020-21 crop years to an all-time high of 303.34 million tonnes on better output of rice, wheat, pulse and coarse cereals amid good monsoon rains last year. In the 2019-20 crop year, the country's food grain output (comprising wheat, rice, pulses and coarse cereals) stood at a record 297.5 million tonnes (MT). Releasing the second advance estimates for 2020-21 crop year, the agriculture ministry said foodgrain production is projected at a record 303.34 MT. As per the data, rice production is pegged at record 120.32 MT as against 118.87 MT in the previous year. Wheat production is estimated to rise to a record 109.24 MT in 2020-21 from 107.86 MT in the previous year, while output of coarse cereals is likely to increase to 49.36 MT from 47.75 MT. Pulses output is seen at 24.42 MT, up from 23.03 MT in 2019-20 crop year. In the non-foodgrain category, the production of oilseeds is estimated at 37.31 MT in 2020-21 as against 33.22 MT in the previous year. Sugarcane production is pegged at 397.66 MT from 370.50 MT in the previous year, while cotton output is expected to be higher at 36.54 million bales (170 kg each) from 36.07. This production figure seem to be sufficient for current population, but we need to improve more and more with vertical farming and advance agronomic and crop improvement tools for future burgeoning population figure under the milieu of climate change issue. Our rural mass and tribal people have very limited resources and they sometime complete depend on forest microhabitat. To order to ensure food and nutritional security for growing population, a new strategy needs to be initiated for growing of crops in changing climatic condition. The country has a large pool of underutilized or underexploited fruit or cereals crops which have enormous potential for contributing to food security, nutrition, health, ecosystem sustainability under the changing climatic conditions, since they require little input, as they have inherent capabilities to withstand biotic and abiotic stress. Apart from the impacts on agronomic conditions of crop productions, climate change also affects the economy, food systems and wellbeing of the consumers (Abbade, 2017). Crop nutritional quality become very challenging, as we noticed that, zinc and iron deficiency is a serious global health problem in humans depending on cereal-diet and is largely prevalent in low-income countries like Sub-Saharan Africa, and South and South-east Asia. We report inefficiency of modern-bred cultivars of rice and wheat to sequester those essential nutrients in grains as the reason for such deficiency and prevalence (Debnath et al., 2021). Keeping in mind the crop yield and nutritional quality become very daunting task to our food security issue and this can overcome with the proper and time bound research in cognizance with the environment. Threat and challenges In recent years, climate change has become a debatable issue worldwide. South Asia will be one of the most adversely affected regions in terms of impacts of climate change on agricultural yield, economic activity and trading policies. Addressing climate change is central for global future food security and poverty alleviation. The approach would need to implement strategies linked with developmental plans to enhance its adaptive capacity in terms of climate resilience and mitigation. Over time, there has been a visible shift in the global climate change initiative towards adaptation. Adaptation can complement mitigation as a cost-effective strategy to reduce climate change risks. The impact of climate change is projected to have different effects across societies and countries. Mitigation and adaptation actions can, if appropriately designed, advance sustainable development and equity both within and across countries and between generations. One approach to balancing the attention on adaptation and mitigation strategies is to compare the costs and benefits of both the strategies. The most imminent change is the increase in the atmospheric temperatures due to increase levels of GHGs (Green House Gases) i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) etc into the atmosphere. The global mean annual temperatures at the end of the 20th

With the global population projected to reach 9 billion by the year 2050, the need for nations to secure food supplies for their populations has never been more pressing. Finding better supply chain solutions is an essential part of achieving a secure and sustainable diet for a rapidly increasing population. We are now in a position, through methods including life cycle assessment (LCA), carbon footprinting and other tools, to accurately measure and assess our use – or misuse – of natural resources, including food. The impact of new technologies and management systems can therefore improve efficiencies and find new ways to reduce waste. Global Food Security and Supply provides robust, succinct information for people who want to understand how the global food system works. The book demonstrates the specific tools available for understanding how food supply works, addresses the challenges facing a secure and safe global food supply, and helps readers to appreciate how these challenges might be overcome. This book is a concise and accessible text that focuses on recent data and findings from a range of international collaborations and studies. The author provides both a snapshot of global food supply and security today, and a projection of where these issues may lead us in the future. This book will therefore be of particular interest to food policy leaders, commercial managers in the food industry, and researchers and students seeking a better understanding of a rapidly evolving topic.

Achieving global food security is one of the major challenges of the coming decades. In order to tackle future food security challenges we must understand the past. This study presents a historical analysis of global food availability, one of the key elements of food security. By calculating national level dietary energy supply and production for nine time steps during 1965–2005 we classify countries based on their food availability, food self-sufficiency and food trade. We also look at how diets have changed during this period with regard to supply of animal based calories. Our results show that food availability has increased substantially both in absolute and relative terms. The percentage of population living in countries with sufficient food supply (>2500 kcal/cap/d) has almost doubled from 33% in 1965 to 61% in 2005. The population living with critically low food supply (<2000 kcal/cap/d) has dropped from 52% to 3%. Largest improvements are seen in the MENA region, Latin America, China and Southeast Asia. Besides, the composition of diets has changed considerably within the study period: the world population living with high supply of animal source food (>15% of dietary energy supply) increased from 33% to over 50%. While food supply has increased globally, food self-sufficiency (domestic production>2500 kcal/cap/d) has not changed remarkably. In the beginning of the study period insufficient domestic production meant insufficient food supply, but in recent years the deficit has been increasingly compensated by rising food imports. This highlights the growing importance of food trade, either for food supply in importing countries or as a source of income for exporters. Our results provide a basis for understanding past global food system dynamics which, in turn, can benefit research on future food security.

Aggregate estimates of food expenditure are consistent with such a possibility, implying income/expenditure elasticities close to one. However, the high degree of aggregation at which such estimates are made means that the considerable increase in price per nutrient as income increases is ignored, and the nutrient elasticities are therefore overstated. Estimates for a rural south Indian sample indicate that this bias is considerable and that the true nutrient elasticities with respect to income may be close to zero.

Key sustainability challenges for the global phosphorus resource, their implications for global food security, and options for mitigation

At the current stage, food security is one of the main aspects of ensuring national and global security. This is explained by the fact that ensuring the consumption and access to the consumption of food is the foundation of the formation of a high level of quality of life. Russia's aggression against Ukraine clearly indicated the vulnerability and dependence of the national and global food systems on various factors: armed conflicts and as a result rising food prices, crop shortages due to disruption of the ecosystem due to military actions, disruption of global food supply chains. Domestic scientists dealt with the problem of food security considers the main dimensions of food security. In the modern conditions of Russia's aggression against Ukraine, considerable attention is paid to the analysis of Ukraine's food security during the war. Food security directly affects such important national and economic interests that determine the future of the country, its well-being and the prosperity of the people of Ukraine. Ukraine occupies one of the main positions in the system of ensuring global food security due to the active export of food. The main articles of Ukrainian food exports are products of vegetable origin – the average specific weight of 24.83% and fats and oils of vegetable origin with the average specific weight of 10.88%. Other articles of food export are insignificant. Ukraine provides its population with food independently, which is evidenced by a constant positive balance and a significant coverage ratio. At the same time, Ukraine was threatened by significant dependence on food exports. Subsequent events confirmed these threats. After the start of Russia's aggression against Ukraine, the world faced a threat to global food security. The article pays considerable attention to the place of Ukrainian food exports in the system of global food security. After the start of Russia's aggression against Ukraine, the world faced a threatworld food security. To ensure the world's food supply security measures are proposed at the national and international level.Onat the national level, it is proposed to: meet the work needs of countries with providing the population with long-term storage food in regions where Fierce military actions are taking place, the formation of a guarantee storage network withsafe movement of ships involved in the shipment of grain and food products from national ports.

This chapter aims to present factors affecting global fooddemandand supply conditions and to find potential solutions to global food security problems. First, the factors determining the supply and demand conditions of food are detailed in relation to the linkages among food, agriculture, and rural development. Second, Japan's success in securing food in the early stage of economic growth as a developing country is presented as example. Discussions on supplyand demand determinants in the first part are needed to understand the reasons for success in achieving Japan’s food security objectives. Policy implications are derived for developing countries that struggle to ensure global food security. Reading this chapter will assist the readers in discussing potential solutions to global food security problems. Climate change issues are also discussed in relation to global food and energy security. We examine the effectiveness of crop-based energy production and potential conflicts with food production using examples from Japan and the United States of America.

Objective: To analyze epidemic situation of dengue fever in 2019 and the incidence trends from 2013 to 2019 in the Belt and Road countries. Methods: We used age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) which was from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to describe the epidemic situation of dengue fever in 2019. The estimated annual percentage change(EAPC) of the ASR was calculated to assess dengue fever incidence trends from 2013 to 2019. Results: The 2019 GBD dengue fever incidence records showed that in 145 Belt and Road countries, 93 (64.14%) countries had dengue fever epidemics. In 2019, there were 11 countries with the incidence >3 000.00 per 100 000, including 9 countries in Oceania; 16 countries with the incidence of 1 000.00 per 100 000-2 999.99 per 100 000, including 10 countries in Asia. The incidence rates in most countries in Africa (58.14%,25/43), North America (72.73%,8/11) and South America (66.67%,4/6) ranged from 500.00 per 100 000 to 999.99 per 100 000. The incidence rates of dengue fever in 90.00% (9/10) of countries in Oceania showed increasing trend, and the increasing trend in Fiji was most obvious (EAPC=18.22,95%CI:12.91-23.77), and the incidence rates of dengue fever in 18.18% (4/22) of countries in Asia showed increasing trend, the increasing trend in the Philippines was most obvious (EAPC=3.09,95%CI:1.74-4.45), and the incidence rates of dengue fever in 4.65% (2/43) of countries in Africa showed increasing trend, and the increasing trend in Seychelles was most obvious (EAPC=18.20,95%CI:7.82-29.58). The incidence rates of dengue fever showed no increasing trend in countries in South America and North America. Conclusions: In 2019, more than 60% of the Belt and Road countries had dengue fever epidemics. The incidences of dengue fever were high and showed increasing trends in most Oceanian countries, but the dengue fever epidemics in the countries in Asia, Africa and Americas were relatively mild.

Who Eats, Where, What, and How? COVID-19, Food Security, and Canadian Foodscapes

Food security—the ability to obtain and use sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food—is a fundamental human need. Climate change is very likely to affect global, regional, and local food security by disrupting food availability, decreasing access to food, and making food utilization more difficult. Food security exists “when all people at all times have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life” and affects people through both under- and overconsumption. Food security requires that food be simultaneously (1) available—that it exist in a particular place at a particular time, (2) that people can access that food through economic or other means, (3) that people can utilize the food that is available and accessible to them, and (4) that each of these components be stable over time. Constrictions within any of these components can result in food insecurity. Food is provisioned through a food system that manifests in diverse ways across the globe. The food system includes all activities related to producing, transporting, trading, storing, processing, packaging, wholesaling, retailing, consuming, and disposing of food. Whether an individual food system includes few, many, or all of these elements, each is susceptible to risks from a changing climate. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, have increased global greenhouse gas concentrations; atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have risen from 280 parts per million (ppm) in the late 1700s to today’s level of about 400 ppm. Concentrations continue to rise, though future levels depend on choices and development pathways yet to be determined. Additionally, the future condition of the food system depends upon socioeconomic trajectories that are external to the food system itself. For these reasons, a range of possible emissions futures and socioeconomic pathways have been considered by this assessment. The Climate Change, Global Food Security, and U.S. Food System assessment represents a consensus of authors and includes contributors from 19 Federal, academic, nongovernmental, and intergovernmental organizations in four countries, identifying climate-change effects on global food security through 2100, and analyzing the United States’ likely connections with that world. The assessment finds that climate change is likely to diminish continued progress on global food security through production disruptions leading to local availability limitations and price increases, interrupted transport conduits, and diminished food safety, among other causes. The risks are greatest for the global poor and in tropical regions. In the near term, some high-latitude production export regions may benefit from changes in climate. As part of a highly integrated global food system, consumers and producers in the United States are likely to be affected by these changes. The type and price of food imports from other regions are likely to change, as are export demands placed upon U.S. producers and the transportation, processing, and storage systems that enable global trade. Demand for food and other types of assistance may increase, as may demand for advanced technologies to manage changing conditions. Adaptation across the food system has great potential to manage climate-change effects on food security, and the complexity of the food system offers multiple potential points of intervention for decision makers at every level, from households to nations and international governance structures. However, effective adaptation is subject to highly localized conditions and socioeconomic factors, and the technical feasibility of an adaptive intervention is not necessarily a guarantee of its application if it is unaffordable or does not provide benefits within a relatively short time frame, particularly for smaller operations around the world with limited capacity for long-term investments. The accurate identification of needs and vulnerabilities, and the effective targeting of adaptive practices and technologies across the full scope of the food system, are central to improving global food security in a changing climate.

Plant diseases have a significant impact on global food and nutritional security, and their occurrence has the potential to destabilize economies and create political challenges, as well as affect the health and well-being of populations. Diseases impact the key components of food security (availability, access, utilization, stability), particularly in less developed regions and/or vulnerable populations. The occurrence of plant diseases is exacerbated by factors such as increased global trade, the genetic uniformity of hosts, and climate change, leading to reduced food production, higher prices, and greater dependence on agricultural inputs like pesticides. Brazil, as a major producer and exporter of food, plays a crucial role in global food security. Future prospects for mitigating the negative effects of diseases involve the ongoing pursuit of innovative solutions through investment in research and strengthening global collaboration in disease monitoring and promoting sustainable agricultural practices to tackle this complex challenge.

Анотація. Метою дослідження є вивчення сутності, основних тенденцій і проблемних аспектів реалізації експортного потенціалу сільськогосподарського виробництва в умовах загострення продовольчої кризи. Використовуються теоретичні та емпіричні методи пізнання в їхньому діалектичному поєднанні. Основними методами, що використовуються в цьому дослідженні, є статистичний аналіз, індексні, графічні та аналітичні методи, методи оцінки структурних динамічних зрушень, порівняння і монографічний метод. Дослідження також включало загальні методи економічних досліджень, зокрема: у розкритті змісту експортного потенціалу сільськогосподарського виробництва, формулюванні висновків використовувалися теоретичні узагальнення та порівняння, індукція та дедукція; за допомогою синтезу та економічного аналізу проводиться оцінка сучасного стану та тенденцій розвитку експорту сільськогосподарської продукції; для аналізу експорту сільськогосподарської продукції використовувалися графічні, економічні, статистичні та міждержавні порівняння; для оцінки внутрішнього і зовнішнього експортного потенціалу сільськогосподарської продукції в регіональному контексті були впроваджені статистичні методи (групування). Вплив зовнішнього і внутрішнього експортного потенціалу на експорт пшениці вивчався шляхом регресійного аналізу. Необхідність забезпечення продовольчої безпеки країнами в усьому світі наголошує на важливості аграрного сектору як каталізатора економічного розвитку, джерел валютних надходжень, напрямів інвестицій тощо. Вивчення спеціалізації сільського господарства привело до висновку, що пшениця і цукор — товари з найбільшим експортним потенціалом. Обґрунтовано, що країни Південної Америки, ОЕСР, Північної Америки та Європи мають найвищий рівень реалізації експортного потенціалу сільськогосподарського виробництва, а африканські країни залежать від імпорту. Крім того, низька експортна орієнтація Африки та Азії через особливості їх природних і кліматичних умов установлюється на основі оцінки експортно-імпортних операцій у регіональному контексті. Проаналізовано внутрішній і зовнішній експортний потенціал кожного з регіонів. Було застосовано економіко-математичне моделювання оцінки впливу найважливіших факторів на обсяги експорту пшениці, що дозволило передбачити обсяги експорту пшениці й ухвалити обґрунтовані управлінські рішення щодо реалізації експортного потенціалу агрокомпаній. Обернена пропорційність обсягу експорту споживанню пшениці на душу населення і пряма пропорційність ефективності та площі земель, що використовуються для вирощування пшениці, була встановлена шляхом кореляційного і регресійного аналізу. Наукова новизна результатів дослідження полягає в тому, що вперше проводиться цілісний аналіз потенційних можливостей і можливостей експорту наявної та збільшення експорту сільськогосподарської продукції у світі та за групами продуктів. Визначено сутність та особливості економічного представлення експортного потенціалу сільськогосподарської продукції на міжнародному і національному рівнях. Окреслено основні чинники, що впливають на розвиток експортного потенціалу сільськогосподарської продукції в регіональному контексті та досліджують їхній вплив шляхом проведення відповідного аналізу агресії. Додатковий розвиток отримало дослідження внутрішнього і зовнішнього експортного потенціалу за регіонами світу. Проведено аудит внутрішнього і зовнішнього експортного потенціалу сільськогосподарського виробництва у регіональному контексті, у результаті якого були визначені основні рекомендації щодо підвищення їхнього рівня з метою активізації розвитку агропромислового сектору економіки. Ключові слова: експортний потенціал, сільськогосподарське виробництво, експорт, інтеграція, продовольча безпека. Формул: 1; рис.: 7; табл.: 5; бібл.: 26.

Introduction. Recent events have demonstrated that the growth of geopolitical turbulence has a detrimental impact on the food security of the world’s poorest countries. Often, its consequences include economic wars, armed interstate conflicts, intrastate military-political confrontations, and economic crises. These factors ultimately lead to price increases and disruptions in food supply chains, resulting in increased poverty, limited access to fertile land, and, most importantly, the destruction of the foundations of the national economy. This, in turn, lowers the GDP per capita significantly, affecting the population’s consumer capabilities and jeopardizing a sufficient level of nutrition. The purpose of the is to generalize the systemic determinants of modern geopolitical turbulence and substantiate their impact on global food security while outlining recommendations aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of global institutions in ensuring the food security of the world’s poorest countries. Results. Systemic determinants of modern geopolitical turbulence are examined, and their impact on global food security is substantiated. The primary reasons for the increase in world food prices have been unveiled. A correlation analysis of indicators affecting the dynamics of the share and number of undernourished population, reflecting population income, the number of military conflicts, the level of global warming, and food prices, was carried out. Consequently, it has been proven that geopolitical turbulence has a significantly negative impact on food security in various countries worldwide. Notably, over the past 20-25 years, the African continent has become one of the main focal points of geopolitical conflicts, with their foundation rooted in the struggle for resources through political and military influence on the governments of certain African countries. The research has demonstrated that geopolitical conflicts and the risks associated with geopolitical turbulence are determinants exacerbating the food crisis in African countries. Conclusions. It has been proven that a country’s level of food security is closely related to the poverty level of its population. It is argued that humanitarian missions aimed at assisting malnourished populations will only postpone the resolution of hunger, while ongoing military and economic conflicts do not contribute to poverty reduction. It is substantiated that, in order to increase global food security, global organizations and geopolitical players should focus on the economic and political development of the world’s poorest countries, since the prolongation of both intrastate and interstate military-political conflicts serves as a source of geopolitical turbulence and exacerbates the global food crisis.