Abstract
In this study, the CALPUFF/MM5 modeling system was applied to estimate the air quality impacts of elevated point sources in 2004 in Chongqing. An intercomparison of the performance of CALPUFF against the observed data is discussed and an examination of scatter plots and QQ plots is provided. Results show that in 2004 the high emission contribution induced a relatively high contribution to average ambient concentration and significant impact on the urban area (higher than 10 μg/m 3 of 24-hour averaged SO2 concentration, maximum of 650 μg/m 3 ). The highest 24-hour averaged SO2 concentration exceeds the Grade NAAQS by 10.6%, 153.3%, 60% and 333.0% for January, April, July and October, respectively. The concentration distributions demonstrate the heterogeneity patterns in spatial and temporal scales due to significant topographic diversity and weather variations over short distances. The source of the SO2 in the Chongqing area is local air pollution, which results from the lower effective stack height, low wind velocity in the area, basin topography, and the use of coal with high sulfur content. Parametric sensitivity analyses are still needed to determine the magnitude of uncertainty associated with CALPUFF.
Highlights
Air pollution in Chongqing has obviously been reduced since 2000, but it still has a long way to go and big challenges in air quality improvement (Guttikunda et al, 2003).A coal-dominated energy structure is one of the major causes of air pollution in Chongqing and elevated point sources take about two-thirds of the total coal consumption
Several studies have estimated the air quality impacts for elevated point sources emissions in China (Zhou et al, 2003, 2006; Hao et al, 2007), they could well differ in Chongqing settings, because of differences in stack characteristics, topography and meteorology
In this study we focus on the air quality impact of Chongqing local elevated point sources to the Chongqing area
Summary
Air pollution in Chongqing has obviously been reduced since 2000, but it still has a long way to go and big challenges in air quality improvement (Guttikunda et al, 2003).A coal-dominated energy structure is one of the major causes of air pollution in Chongqing and elevated point sources take about two-thirds of the total coal consumption. Chongqing’s elevated point sources emitted 75.6% of the total SO2 emission (Chongqing EPA, 2004). Several studies have estimated the air quality impacts for elevated point sources (e.g., power plants) emissions in China (Zhou et al, 2003, 2006; Hao et al, 2007), they could well differ in Chongqing settings, because of differences in stack characteristics, topography and meteorology. One study (Lei et al, 1987) modeled SO2 air pollution from all anthropogenic sources, but only the urban area, 12% of whole Chongqing area, was covered. Available air quality estimates from Chongqing used simplified models (e.g., Gaussian plume model), which may not capture the full impact of a pollution source. With the increment of older fossil-fuel elevated point sources, the impact of this large emission sector on Chongqing’s air quality needs further assessment
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