Abstract
ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to characterize black oat populations by estimating between- and within-populations variance components and genetic parameters, as well as to distinguish the populations using multivariable statistics. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks design with three repetitions, with 14 black oat populations collected in several municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul state. Agronomic important traits were assessed at physiological maturation stage. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated considering within-block information. In addition, Mahalanobis distance, relative contribution of traits, and canonical variables were used to distinguish the populations. Selection based on panicle length, number of grains per panicle, panicle weight and panicle grain weight may result in higher selection gains. Panicle grain weight presents a greater contribution to genetic divergence between studied populations. The formation of distinct groups indicated the presence of genetic variability among black oat populations in the northwestern of the Rio Grande do Sul state. Directed crosses between individual plants of populations from (i) Alto Alegre and Salvador das Missoes, Chapada, or Santa Rosa or (ii) between plants of populations from Salvador das Missoes and Campos Borges or Santa Rosa can generate segregating populations with great genetic variability. The predominance of between-phenotypic variance and a within-genetic variance indicate prospects for success in selection gain and possible selection of a new cultivar with fewer efforts compared to a cross-based method. This is supported by the high values of within-population heritability.
Highlights
Oat, the second most important winter crop in Brazil, has shown a significant increase in cultivation area, 14% from 2016 to 2017, and a large part of area is destined for soil cover
The great variation observed within populations can be explained by the absence of artificial selection, during several years the collected samples had been cultivated by farmers, suffering exclusively natural selection
Selection based on panicle length, number of grains per panicle, panicle weight and panicle grain weight may result in higher selection gains
Summary
The second most important winter crop in Brazil, has shown a significant increase in cultivation area, 14% from 2016 to 2017, and a large part of area is destined for soil cover. Identification, accumulation and perpetuation of favorable genes for quantitative traits may be facilitated if the selection is based on variance components and genetic parameters. In this way, genetic parameters allow to identify the action nature of involved genes, as well as evaluating the efficiency of different selection methods and strategies, whether from endogamy, cross-breeding or selection (Cruz et al 2014)
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