Abstract
Passengers’ walking time and waiting time at metro stations are important indicators for evaluating the level of service (LOS) of a metro station. This paper aims to estimate passengers’ walking time and waiting time at metro stations based on a proposed passenger-to-train assignment method using smart card data (SCD). Firstly, two algorithms were developed to determine the possible train choice set for all the passengers. Secondly, passengers’ walking time distribution was estimated for different group of passengers categorized by travel periods, type of cardholder and social demographics. Lastly, passengers’ waiting time at origin stations was explored based on the train choice model proposed in this study. The study found that passengers traveling at peak hours tend to walk faster than they do at non-peak hours. The overall waiting time at origin stations is highly related to the train headway (time interval between the adjacent arrival trains in the same direction and station) and passenger volume. More importantly, the result suggested when the passenger volume is low, train headway could significantly affect waiting time. However, when the passenger volume exceeds certain level (>1000 in 15 minutes), it becomes to the major factor leading to the increase in waiting time. Elders and disabled passengers have extended waiting time during peak hours than other passengers. The method proposed in this study offers a new perspective of using SCD in travel behavior analysis. Besides, the results bring insights for future metro station construction and operation design as well as evaluation on the LOS of metro system.
Highlights
Metro system, with high efficiency and sustainability, is one of the most popular public transportation modes widely developed in many cities in China
They are categorized into small-scale and large-scale stations which is determined by the total passenger volume of entry and exit in one workday
The results are presented in four sections: (1) a brief description of data input; (2) walking time estimation results of four selected stations; (3) waiting time estimation results of four selected stations; (4) passengers’ total delay estimation at the origin stations
Summary
With high efficiency and sustainability, is one of the most popular public transportation modes widely developed in many cities in China. In comparison to other public transportation systems, metro system provides more reliable travel time due to its highly-organized and independent operation system. In Beijing, the daily maximum passenger volume of metro system can reach up to ten million since 2018 [1]. Passengers’ experience in metro system is closely related to architectural structure design and the system’s level of service (LOS). To enhance the passengers’ satisfaction, metro system designers and operators should focus on improving the service level from different perspectives.
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