Abstract
BackgroundButaphosphan (BTP) has recently been introduced into the Korean aquaculture sector as a stress-attenuating agent. In this study, a sensitive chemical analytical method was established for the detection of BTP in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) tissues.MethodsUtilizing a method employing liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), detection sensitivity, specificity, and precision were satisfactorily established. Temporal changes in the BTP plasma and muscle concentrations were assessed after a single intramuscular injection of BTP (50 and 150 mg/kg) to the olive flounder maintained at 13 °C or 22 °C.ResultsHigh BTP plasma levels were achieved immediately after the injection, and the drug was rapidly eliminated. Additionally, plasma BTP levels were markedly dependent on the elimination rate, which, in turn, seemed dependent on the water temperature, with the drug elimination half-life and mean residence time significantly shorter at 22 °C than 13 °C. Overall, muscle BTP levels were markedly lower than the plasma levels. Notably, muscle levels were not influenced by water temperatures. Muscle BTP concentrations were used to estimate the necessary withdrawal period for drugs used in food fish, with BTP levels maintained far below the possible hazardous limit.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the established LC-MS/MS method can be used for BTP residue detection with high sensitivity and reproducibility.
Highlights
Butaphosphan (1-butylamino-1-methylethyl-phosphonic acid, BTP, Fig. 1) has been used in several domestic animals, usually in combination with vitamin B12, to attenuate the symptoms stress occurring during various situations
Fish husbandry Olive flounder P. olivaceus, weighing 105 ± 5 g, were obtained from a culture farm located in Taean County, Chungnam Province, Korea, and maintained in recirculating seawater culture tanks of L3.0 m × W1.0 m × H1.2 m, at a density of about 20 fish/tank
The 150 mg/kg BTP dose resulted in higher peak BTP concentrations than the 50 mg/kg dose
Summary
Butaphosphan (1-butylamino-1-methylethyl-phosphonic acid, BTP, Fig. 1) has been used in several domestic animals, usually in combination with vitamin B12, to attenuate the symptoms stress occurring during various situations. After calving in dairy cows, BTP is believed to improve metabolic ketosis and milk production during the postpartum period (Pereira et al 2013a; Rolling et al 2010; Tabeleão et al 2017). In sheep stressed due to drug treatments, BTP improved appetite and metabolic adjustments (Pereira et al 2013b). BTP pretreatment reportedly improved endurance in rodents (Hasi et al 2004, 2005a, 2005b). Butaphosphan (BTP) has recently been introduced into the Korean aquaculture sector as a stressattenuating agent. A sensitive chemical analytical method was established for the detection of BTP in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) tissues
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