Establishing reference values for maximum occlusal force in Japanese children using an individual-tooth-type capacitive pressure distribution sensor

We investigated whether oral-dental conditions may be associated with the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a cross-sectional study in Japan. Information on lifestyle and abdominal symptoms was collected, and oral-dental examinations were performed from 2013 to 2017. To investigate the association between oral-dental conditions and IBS, this study used logistic regression analyses adjusted for relevant confounding factors, such as age, sex, BMI, stress, and eating between meals. The prevalence of IBS was 484 (13.4%) among 3626 participants. The mean maximum occlusal force in the IBS group was significantly lower than that in the non-IBS group (0.306±0.192 kN vs. 0.329±0.205 kN, p =0.014). The maximum occlusal force of the constipation-type IBS was significantly lower than that of other types of IBS without constipation type (0.269±0.164 kN vs. 0.317±0.198 kN, p =0.010). Compared with those who had high values of maximum occlusal force (≧0.265 kN), those with a low value of maximum occlusal force (<0.265 kN) had a significantly greater risk for IBS (OR, 1.426; 95%CI, 1.135-1.792; p=0.002), by multivariate analyses, across different categories of oral-dental condition in women, not in men. Women who had lowest third occlusal force (<0.206 kN) had approximately 35% significanlty greater odds of having IBS compared with those who had highest third occlusal force (≧0.386 kN). Results suggest that a reduction in the maximum occlusal force increases the risk of IBS in Japanese women.

In this study, the behaviour of aluminium honeycomb structures under low-speed impact has been investigated by experimental and finite element analysis method. The production of aluminium honeycomb composite structures was carried out using different adhesives of different widths and heights. The low-velocity impact experiments of the honeycomb structures produced were performed according to ASTM D7766 standard. As a result of the experiment, the force values which caused damage to the structure were measured according to the time, and the maximum force values were taken. Findings have shown that the decrease in cell width, the increase in cell height, and depletion of multiwall carbon nanotubes increase the maximum impact force values in honeycomb composite structures. It is seen that the results obtained by the finite element method and the experimental results are approximately 85% in agreement. There was no statistically significant difference between the results as a result of conducted t-test.

To assess outcomes of treating completely edentulous patients with a fixed implant-supported profile prosthesis, utilizing a graftless approach, for the maxilla and for the mandible, with an emphasis on patient-related outcomes, specifically maximum occlusal force, patient satisfaction, and impact on quality of life. This was a cross-sectional study with the following inclusion criteria: completely edentulous patients rehabilitated with a fixed implant-supported profile denture, utilizing a graftless approach. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were asked to participate in the study during their follow-up visits; hence, a consecutive sampling strategy was used. To measure maximum occlusal force, a digital occlusal force gauge was used. Subjects were asked to answer a paper survey distributed in the clinic. The survey contained general demographic questions, visual analog scale (VAS) categories, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). The mean VAS score was 8.9 out of a possible 10. The mean OHIP-14 score was 7.5 out of a possible 56. The mean maximum occlusal force recorded in the anterior region was 108 Ncm. The mean maximum occlusal force recorded in the posterior region was 205 Ncm. Results indicated that patients treated with a graftless approach reported high satisfaction and impact on quality of life. Regarding maximum occlusal force values, significant differences between men and women were reported. The impact on quality of life seemed to improve when patients presented completely edentulous at the time of treatment as opposed to terminal dentition. Finally, significant positive correlations were detected between satisfaction and impact on quality of life, impact on quality of life and posterior maximum occlusal force, anterior and posterior maximum occlusal force, and complications and anterior maximum occlusal force.

In the general population, the degenerative processes in joints are directly related to adult age, and osteoarthrosis represents the most frequent musculoskeletal alteration. In the haemophilic patient, the degenerative processes in the joint begin at very early ages, and are directly related to musculoskeletal bleeding episodes, which are occasionally subclinical and constitute haemophilic arthropathy. In the haemophilic patient, arthropathy constitutes the most frequent, severe and disabling pathology, and its assessment includes muscular force-related parameters. We have studied the value of Maximum Isometric Voluntary Contraction in the quadriceps femoris of 46 subjects, 28 haemophiliacs (16 severe, eight moderate and four mild) and 18 healthy individuals with a view to establishing appropriate values of force and to restoring physical therapy recommendations. The maximum force values were significantly greater (P < 0.001) in the healthy individuals group. The mild haemophiliacs group also presented significant differences of force (P < 0.05) in relation to the severe and moderate haemophilic patient groups. The mild and severe haemophilia patients presented greater fluctuations of force (P < 0.001) than the control group, the haemophilia group have a minor skill to produce constant force. The seriousness of the arthropathy in the knee is directly related to diminished values of maximum force. Our work evidences that patients with severe haemophilia present a greater degree of arthropathy in relation to moderate and mild haemophilia patients. Haemophilic arthropathy is associated with muscular atrophy and strength deficit. In haemophilic patients, the deficit of maximum force and the presence of fluctuations may suggest an increased risk of bleeding during physical activities and the need to programme specific physical therapy guidelines which increase muscular power through resistance training.

Experimental study of wind-induced dynamic response and collapse of a mechanically-attached membrane roofing system installed on metal substrate of flat-roofed low-rise steel building

The measurement of handgrip force responses is important in many aspects, for example: to complement neurological assessments, to investigate the contribution of muscle mass in predicting functional outcomes, in setting realistic treatment goals, evaluating rehabilitation strategies. Normative data about handgrip force can assist the therapist in interpreting a patient's results compared with healthy individuals of the same age and gender and can serve as key decision criteria. In this context, establishing normative values of handgrip strength is crucial. Hence, the aim of the this study is to develop a tool that could be used both in rehabilitation and in the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This tool takes the form of population-specific predictive equations, which express maximum handgrip force as a function of age. In order to collect data from studies measuring maximum handgrip force, three databases were searched. The search yielded 5,058 articles. Upon the removal of duplicates, the screening of abstracts and the full-text review of potentially relevant articles, 143 publications which focussed on experimental studies on various age groups were considered as fulfilling the eligibility criteria. A comprehensive literature review produced 1,276 mean values of maximum handgrip force. A meta-analysis resulted in gender- and world region-specific (general population, USA, Europe and Asia) equations expressing maximum force as a function of age. The equations showed quantitative differences and trends in maximum handgrip force among age, gender and national groups. They also showed that values of maximum handgrip force are about 40% higher for males than for females and that age-induced decrease in force differs between males and females, with a proved 35% difference between the ages of 35 and 75. The difference was lowest for the 60-64 year olds and highest for the 18-25 year-olds. The equations also showed that differences due to region are smaller than those due to age or gender. The equations that were developed for this study can be beneficial in setting population-specific thresholds for rehabilitation programmes and workstation exposure. They can also contribute to the modification of commonly used methods for assessing musculoskeletal load and work-related risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders by scaling their limit values.

Jakarta MRT was one of solution to solve the traffic jam in Jakarta. There are two physical constructions which serves as the main infrastructure of Jakarta MRT, elevated and underground track. It is not only the first MRT in Indonesia but also, the first large-scale underground works in Jakarta. The physical construction of underground structure became an interesting case to be researched. The use of precast concrete tunnel lining (PCTL) segment was necessary to hold the loads and to provide the space for underground track. In designing the tunnel lining, calculation of the member forces and safety check are necessary to determine the amount of rebar and the dimension, and also to know the value of safety, so, the tunnel lining can be used as the function. According to the guidelines for the design of shield tunnel lining issued by International Tunnelling Association (ITA, 2000), the member forces of tunnel lining could be calculated by (1) Elastic Equation Method, (2) Bedded Frame Method, (3) Finite Element Method (FEM). In this research, the member forces of tunnel lining are calculated using analytical method, without computer program. Therefore, method (1) is used to know the value of each member forces to be used for designing the reinforcement bars. The member forces are analysed for tunnel lining with 6.8 m outer diameters, 1.5 m width and 0.25 m thickness in Jakarta MRT CP106 (Bundaran HI). Based on research which has been done, obtained the maximum values for positive bending moment in the tunnel crown (I¸ = 0°) is 101.352 kN.m, for negative bending moment in the tunnel axis (I¸ = 90°) is -281.394 kN.m. In contrary, the value of maximum axial force is in the tunnel axis (I¸ = 90°) is 1094.538 kN, for minimum axial force is in the tunnel crown (I¸ = 0°) is 904.674 kN. While, the value of maximum shear force is in (I¸ = 120°) is 118.740 kN, for minimum shear force is in (I¸ = 30°) is -66.866 kN. The result of safety checks against member forces in tunnel lining, the value of nominal bending moment multiplied by reduction factor (I• · Mn) is 296.263 kN.m, bigger than the value of ultimate bending moment (Mu) is 281.394 kN.m. For the value of nominal shear force multiplied by reduction factor (I• · Vn) is 136.095 kN, bigger than the value of ultimate shear force (Vu) is 118.740 kN. While, safety check against thrust force of shield jack obtained the value of maximum compressive stress of concrete segment (𝜎𝑐) is 5.016 MN/m2, bigger than the value of allowable stress (𝜎𝑐𝑎) is 16 MN/m2. Keywords: Jakarta MRT, underground, tunnel lining, member forces, Elastic Equation Method.

Curved osteotomy of a prominent mandibular angle is widely used in narrowing the width of the lower face, but its influence on occlusal force has not been evaluated. The maximum occlusal forces of five different teeth areas in 20 consecution patients with an average age of 26.5 years were studied. The examinations were performed both before the operation and 6 months afterward. The values of maximum occlusal force had reached the preoperative levels or slightly above for the incisor teeth, bilateral premolar teeth, and bilateral molar teeth 6 months after operation. There were no significant differences between the levels before the operation and 6 months afterward (P > 0.05). According to the study findings, curved osteotomy of the prominent mandibular angle had no long-term harmful effects on occlusal force.

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/Cb5Q1E2lIME Background: One of the complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot, both with and without ulcers. The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) in 2019 established risk stratification of foot ulcers for diabetes mellitus patients based on clinical appearance. Quantitative measurements, such as measuring plantar pressure distribution to assess ulcer risk, are also recommended. This study aims to prove the relationship between plantar pressure and the level of risk stratification of ulcers on the feet of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were 41 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged 18-59 years without active foot ulcers and a history of amputation. All subjects underwent an assessment of the level of ulcer risk stratification based on IWGDF criteria and received plantar pressure distribution measurements in one visit using an in-shoe measurement system (Pedar-X). Results: The peak pressure, maximum force, and contact area values of the right and left foot did not have significant differences for each level of risk stratification, except for the peak pressure forefoot of the right foot (p = 0.01 and r = -0.39), maximum force all foot of the right foot (p = 0.03 and r = -0.34), and contact area toes of the right foot (p = 0.04 and r = -0.31), as well as the contact area of the toes and big toes of the left foot (p = 0.01 and r = -0. 39; p = 0.28 and r = -0.32). The level of foot ulcer risk stratification has a significant correlation with HbA1C (p=0.02). Conclusions: There was no significant correlation of peak pressure, maximum force, and contact area values of the right and left feet, except for peak pressure of the forefoot of the right foot, maximum force of all feet of the right foot, contact area toes of the right foot, contact area toes and big toes of the left foot. A significant correlation was found between HbA1C and the level of foot ulcer risk stratification.

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The influences among the weight number of object function, maximum value of suspension optimum control force and suspension performance are analyzed in this paper. A total state feedback controller for the 7-degree-freedoms modal of total vehicle based on random optimum control strategy is built. By ADAMS &amp;amp;MATLAB \simulink co-simulation, the influence of weight number of object function on maximum value of suspension control force and suspension performance is discussed in the paper. It obtains the relations among maximum value of suspension optimum control force, suspension performance and the variety of weight number Then a set of weight number which are applied to the object function of optimum control for the car are selected at last. Under the action of co-simulation, the ride comfort and control stability of the car are obviously improved, and the maximum value of suspension optimum control force is satisfied with the engineering requirement when the preferred value of weight number is used.&lt;/div&gt;

Reference values of maximum isometric muscle force obtained in 270 children aged 4-16 years by hand-held dynamometry.

During handling operations, many problems that reduce the quality of vegetables may occur. Mechanical injuries are the leading cause of postharvest losses for the pumpkin, and can take place at any point of the production chain. This study aimed at evaluating the pumpkin fruits behavior, during their ripening stages, on the values of maximum compression force for fixed deformations, and determining the proportional deformability modulus of the fruits under compression at the repose position. Fruits were harvested at 15, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after flowering and uniaxially compressed between two parallel plates. The results allowed to conclude that both the required compression force and the proportional deformability modulus increased during the maturation course, reaching a maximum force of 1,778 N and a maximum deformation modulus of 164 MPa, after 30 days. After this period, both the maximum force and the modulus values decreased, reaching 1,514.8 N of maximum force and a modulus of 132.09 MPa, after 60 days of ripening. Over the course of a longer maturation time, the fruit firmness increased, therefore requiring an increase in the maximum load to achieve greater deformation. The ideal period for harvest and transport of 'Jacarezinho' pumpkin fruits was set from 30 to 40 days after anthesis.

This study examines the force exertion characteristics and laterality of maximal explosive force exertion of hand grip and toe grip. Fifteen male subjects, aged 19 to 23 years, performed maximal explosive hand grip and toe grip exertions with their dominant and non-dominant sides. Maximal force value and integral force for 2 sec in the hand grip exertions were significantly larger than those in the toe grip exertions in both the dominant and non-dominant sides. The time required to achieve 90% maximal force value in the hand grip exertions was significantly shorter than that in the toe grip exertions in both sides. Correlations between the dominant and non-dominant sides were significant (r = 0.710 - 0.889) in maximal force value and integral force for 2 sec during the hand and toe grip exertions, but they were not significant (hand grip: r = 0.242, toe grip: r = 0.032) with respect to the time taken to achieve 90% maximal force value. In conclusion, a force exertion value increases more quickly in an explosive hand grip than that in an explosive toe grip. The laterality may relate to time parameters in both explosive force exertions, but not to ones related to force.

The purpose of this study was a comprehensive assessment of the dynamic parameters of gait in patients who underwent Ilizarov treatment for nonunion of the tibia. The experimental group consisted of 24 individuals treated with the Ilizarov method for nonunion of the tibia. The control group comprised 31 healthy individuals, matched for BMI, sex, and age. The dynamic gait parameters in patients and in the control group were measured with a Zebris pedobarographic platform. The treatment group and the control group showed statistically significant differences in terms of the following gait parameters: maximum force during braking nonoperated-limb (NOL), time maximum force during braking operated-limb (OL), time maximum force during braking NOL, maximum force during push-off NOL, time maximum force during push-off OL, and maximum force forefoot OL. Most of the evaluated gait parameters were bilaterally similar in patients group. The only significant differences between the operated and nonoperated limb were seen in terms of Time maximum force during push-off and Maximum force forefoot. The most pronounced abnormalities in dynamic gait parameters were observed in the forefoot (maximum force forefoot OL was 13.3% lower than in the control group, maximum force forefoot OL was 12.4% lower than in NOL). The patients treated with the Ilizarov method did not achieve a complete normalization of dynamic gait parameters, as their gait parameters did not equal those measured in the control group. The Ilizarov method for the treatment of tibial nonunion helps restore a symmetrical distribution of gait parameter values between the affected limb and the healthy limb. Patients continue to show the following abnormalities in their dynamic gait parameters after treatment: higher values maximum force during braking NOL, Time maximum force during braking OL, time maximum force during braking NOL, maximum force during push-off NOL, contact time forefoot NOL, contact time midfoot NOL, contact time heel NOL and smaller values of time maximum force during push-off OL.

The purposes of the study were to establish isometric torque reference values for healthy 6- to 8-year-old children for 6 lower extremity muscles and determine the effects of gender, age, height, weight, and physical activity upon strength. A hand-held dynamometer was used to obtain force/torque values for 154 children. Age-referenced force/torque and cutoff values are provided for each muscle group. Torque increased with age and height for all muscles and with weight for all muscles except knee extensors. No gender differences were found. Children who participated in 3 or more hours per week in organized sports were stronger in 4 of 6 muscles; the number of hours spent in active play did not affect torque. This study provides hand-held dynamometer strength reference values to enable clinicians to determine if clients of the same age, height, and weight have muscle weakness.