Abstract
The viviparous Great Barrier Reef sponge Luffariella variabilis (Poléjaeff 1884) contains a range of secondary metabolites, including manoalide (1) and manoalide monoacetate (3). ESI (+) FTICR-MS accurate mass determination has, for the first time, been used to detected the presence of 3 only in an organic extract of a single L. variabilis larva showing that the parentally produced 3 is sequestered in the larva. As 3 has previously been shown to have antibacterial and quorum sensing inhibition activity, and readily converts to 1, which also exhibits similar activity, it may provide a chemical defence against predation and microbial attack.
Highlights
Most marine benthic invertebrates have complex life cycles characterised by sessile and planktonic phases [1]
We reported that manoalide monoacetate (3, 35 to 70 mg g-1 dry weight of sponge) and manoalide (1, 15 to 20 mg g-1 dry weight) were consistently the most abundant compounds present in
The fact that the sponge contains such chemistry raises the question; does L. variabilis sequester manoalide or related chemistry within its larvae? Our investigation was aimed at the detection of this class of secondary metabolites in the L. variabilis larvae using electrospray ionization Fourier Transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FTICR-MS), a powerful mass spectrometric method capable of obtaining accurate exact mass measurements for elemental formula determination and ultra-high resolution over a large mass range [30]
Summary
Most marine benthic invertebrates have complex life cycles characterised by sessile and planktonic phases [1]. Luffariella variabilis is a cryptic coral reef sponge, generally found in aggregations in areas of low illumination and in high abundance on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). It is gonochoristic and viviparous, with larvae approximately 400 μm × 200 μm in size [12]. Manoalide (1) is an analgesic, possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity, irreversibly inhibits human synovial fluid PLA2 [20] as well as bee [21] and cobra venom [22] PLA2 and inhibits ornithine decarboxylase [23]. The fact that the sponge contains such chemistry raises the question; does L. variabilis sequester manoalide or related chemistry within its larvae? Our investigation was aimed at the detection of this class of secondary metabolites in the L. variabilis larvae using electrospray ionization Fourier Transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FTICR-MS), a powerful mass spectrometric method capable of obtaining accurate exact mass measurements for elemental formula determination and ultra-high resolution over a large mass range (up to 70 kDa) [30]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
