Eschewing Scarcity and Finding Abundance

The Performance of Institutional give influences to the development of livestock business, and influenced by farmers' access to various resources. The purpose of this study is to examine the institutional performance of dairy farmers and analyze their effects on resources. The study was conducted in May to September 2019 in Pujon Subdistrict, Malang Regency, East Java Province. Respondents are all breeders of Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang KUB (Joint Business Group) of 174 people. The method of collecting data uses FGD (Focus Group Discussion), observation, and survey. The survey was conducted by interview and questionnaire. The variables of research consisted of institutional performance (X), financial resources (Y1), technological resources (Y2), and physical resources (Y3). Data were analyzed using the PLS (Partial Least Square) method. The results showed that institutional performance affected financial, technological, and physical resources, respectively 0.414, 0.367, and 0.289. The conclusion of the research is the institutional performance of dairy farmers with a positive and significant effect on financial resources, technological resources, and physical resources.

Independent farmers principally provide all production inputs from their own capital and can liberally conveytheir products on the market. From the problems found in the real life, thus the purposes of this study are: 1) to assess the resources that can be accessed by independent broiler breeders, 2) to find the strength of independent broiler breeders’ resources that support business development.A total of 144 independent pattern broiler breeders are still running their livestock businesses in Malang Regency. Data were analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Model) with SmartPLS 2.0 application. The results showed that: 1) independent broiler breeders have access to financial resources, technological resources, physical resources, economic resources, environmental resources, and social resources; and 2) financial, technological, physical, economic, environmental and social resources affect farmer human resources by 82.7%, while financial, technological, physical, economic, environmental, social, and HR resources have an influence on the development of chicken farming broiler at 16.3%. Economic resources have a direct and significant negative effect on the development of independent pattern broiler farming.

The development of animal husbandry can not be separated from the support of various resources. The research objective was to assess the development process of smallholder beef cattle farming. The research was conducted in Grujugan Kidul Village, Grujugan SubDistrict, Bondowoso District. Grujugan Kidul Village is one of the villages fostered by the Universitas Jember in the Community Assistance Village Service Program (PPDB) following the Decree of the Chancellor of the Universitas Jember Number 12716 / UN25 / KL / 2018 concerning Universitas Jember Assisted Villages. Research variables include human resources (X), financial resources (Z1), technological resources (Z2), physical resources (Z3), and livestock farming business development (Y). Respondents of this study were independent farmers, non-partnership system, beef cattle farmers, 174 people. Data was collected using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method and survey with a Likert scale. Data were analyzed by the Partial Least Square (PLS) method with SmartPLS 2.0. The results showed that the farmers' human resources had a positive and significant effect on access to financial, technological, and physical resources, each of which was .383; .474; and .324. It is concluded that farmers' resources influence 64.2% of the development of smallholder beef cattle farming. The findings of this study are that human resources do not directly affect the development of smallholder beef cattle farming but through various aspects of resources that support these development efforts.

This study examined the availability of classroom resources and their influence on the ability of public elementary school teachers to implement innovative teaching methods. Specifically, it assessed the degree of availability of physical and technological resources, the level of teachers' innovative capacity in terms of attitude, skills, and implementation, and the relationship between these variables. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving 125 teachers selected through stratified random sampling from various schools in the Maramag II District, Division of Bukidnon. Data were gathered using a researcher-developed, standardized survey instrument with high internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.932 for resource availability and 0.937 for innovation capacity). Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that classroom resources were generally "usually available," with physical resources (M = 3.91) rated slightly more accessible than technological ones (M = 3.45). Teachers exhibited a "very highly competent" level of innovative capacity (M = 4.32), with the strongest scores in attitude toward innovation. A significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.483, p < 0.01) between classroom resource availability and innovative capacity was found. Furthermore, regression analysis confirmed that physical (β = 0.279, p = 0.006) and technological resources (β = 0.263, p = 0.009) were significant predictors, explaining 23.5% of the variance in teachers' innovative capacity. These results underscore the importance of equipping teachers with adequate resources to foster innovation in classroom practice. The study recommends targeted investments in instructional tools and professional development to support innovation in public elementary education.

Curriculum reform is usually a planned order which all stakeholders affected become part of the process by making their contribution to operationalize the curriculum as designed and developed. The purpose of the study was to investigate the level preparedness of school resources for the implementation of the competency-based curriculum during COVID-19 pandemic in primary schools in Wareng Sub-County, Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya. The study examined the level of availability of material resource for the implementation of the Competency Based Curriculum during COVID-19 crisis. It also investigated the physical resources availabilty for the implementation of the Competency Based Curriculum during COVID-19 crisis in primary schools. The study was guided by curriculum implementation theory by Gross. The study adopted survey research design. The target population was 120 head teachers and 220 grade 1-3 teachers from 120 primary schools. Stratified sampling was used to group schools into private and public schools, 21 public schools were selected and 15 private schools. Purposive sampling was then used to select 36 head teachers from the sampled 36 schools, 66 teachers were selected randomly from those of early year grades. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The study revealed that teaching and learning resources were available but inadequate for all learners during COVID-19 crisis. Moreover, the study found out that physical resources needed renovations, expansion and equipping of rooms for implementation of the curriculum during COVID-19 crisis. The study therefore recommends that the government to provide adeguate teaching and learning materials in all schools for curriculum implementation during COVID-19 crisis. Furthermore, physical resources such as classrooms should be renovated to fit learning standards, more classrooms to be built and be equipped adequately to overcome challenges caused by COVID-19 crisis.

Product development and competition continuously growing in markets to meet consumer needs as consumer, and the goal to achieve cost accuracy and effectiveness during product manufacturing process based on resource strength and weaknesses provide effort in developing internal resource capability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) manufacture through application of resource-based strategy (consisting of financial, physical, human and technology resources) and innovation (consisting of product innovation and internal resource) using product life cycle cost approach in achieving competitive advantage. This research suggests that 108 assisted-partner SME manufactures in East Java, using multiple regression analysis provide result in which jointly implementing resource-based strategy and innovation will achieve product competitive advantage. In term of its contribution of the resources, however, there are only three resources, physical resource, product innovation and internal resource, which highly contribute to improve product competitive advantage. Keywords : SME manufacture, resource-based strategy, innovation, product life cycle cost, and product competitive advantage.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During the Coronavirus Crisis: Important Updates for the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia Community

The purpose of the study was to evaluate public participation in the policy making process in Makueni County. This was so because, despite the Makueni County Government generally accepted framework for public participation, there is limited information on how that framework has impacted or been used in the policy making process. Specifically, the study sought to assess the extent of awareness by the residents of Makueni of their democratic right and opportunities to participate in the policy making process; analyzed the levels of citizens involvement in policy making processes in Makueni County; established the perception towards public participation in policy making process by residents and management in Makueni County; and determined the barriers to public participation in policy making process by residents and management in Makueni County. The study was anchored on Stakeholder Theory, Arnstein’s Ladder and the Multi Streams Model. The study was hinged on descriptive survey research design and targeted the 884,527 residents of Makueni and the 217 County Public service Departmental staff in Makueni County. Stratified sampling was used to delineate 117 staff in terms of their positions, whether management or operations excluding the subordinate staff. Simple random sampling was used to get 396 residents. Focus Group Discussions and questionnaires were the primary data collection instruments. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of percentages and frequencies. Linear regression model analysis was also used to analyze data. The results established that the residents were unaware of their democratic right and opportunities for participation in policy making process in Makueni County. There were also low levels of citizens’ involvement in policy making processes in Makueni County. Further, perception about public participation by residents was both negative for those who felt let down by the county management and positive for those who mainly felt hopeful that despite those challenges, things improve for the better in terms of public participation in policy making process in Makueni County. Additionally, financial, physical resource, human resource and technological barriers were identified as having considerable negative impact on citizen participation in policy making process. The study thus recommends that Makueni County management should embark on renewed promotional strategies to create awareness among citizens of their democratic right and opportunities for participation in policy making process in Makueni County. Further, the citizens themselves should be proactive and employ necessary mechanisms of obtaining information from the county government and demand participation. The Makueni County management should on the other hand, formulate a framework that stipulates the measures to be applied towards fully involving the citizens. The Makueni County management should also be more transparent and accountable in order to help build a positive perception about public participation amongst the residents. Moreover, the Makueni County management should engage in robust resource mobilization of finances, physical, human and technological resources that advance public participation in policy making process. On a policy level, the County Assembly should amend existing public participation legislation to make it more responsive to the needs of citizens. The executive should on their part robustly implement public participation processes going forward.

A service is a process comprising a series of more or less intangible activities that normally, but not always, take place in interactions between the customer and service employees and/or physical resources and goods and/or systems of the service provider, and provide solutions to customer problems. We define a service concept in terms of the components of the service package and translate the concept into its constituent parts, such as persons (owners, service providers, service supporters, experts, clients, consultants), tangibles (physical products or parts, facilities, amenities, equipment, furnishings, call center), intangibles (goals, service / external / information environments, service recovery, performance, feedback), and activities (functions, processes, procedures, events) — so that it can be designed, tested, and delivered. The range and diversity of service components is organized in a five-level taxonomy for services, whose major categories encompass customers, goals, inputs, outputs, processes, human operatives, physical and technological resources, information and knowledge, and the environment. This serves as a knowledge base for design, which is carried out through an unguided or guided search down the hierarchy, progressively selecting and incorporating categories, attributes and values into the evolving service concept. The procedure is illustrated through its application to an after-sales service facility.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the critical components and dimensions necessary for developing a skill-based in-service training model tailored to the Education Department of the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education in Iran. The goal was to provide a structured framework that enhances the competencies of healthcare professionals and aligns with the dynamic needs of the healthcare system. Methodology: This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 11 experts, including university professors and specialists in policy-making, human resources, and educational planning. Participants were selected based on their extensive experience and expertise in the relevant fields. The data were analyzed using MaxQDA software, and theoretical saturation was achieved. The key components and dimensions were identified through thematic analysis, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the essential elements for effective skill-based training. Findings: The study identified several critical components for an effective skill-based in-service training model: needs identification, goal setting, structure determination, content determination, human resources, financial resources, physical resources, technological resources, implementation, planning, and evaluation. Key indicators included collaborative needs assessment, alignment of training objectives with organizational goals, practical and hands-on training content, the involvement of experienced instructors, and adequate financial and physical resources. The findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive and integrated approach to training that addresses both theoretical and practical aspects. Conclusion: This study provides a structured framework for developing skill-based in-service training programs in the healthcare sector. By incorporating a thorough needs assessment, aligning training with organizational goals, emphasizing practical content, engaging experienced instructors, and ensuring adequate resources, healthcare organizations can enhance the competencies of their professionals. Continuous evaluation and feedback mechanisms are crucial for maintaining the effectiveness of the training programs. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and educators in designing and implementing effective in-service training models.

Renewable energy systems need to be able to make frequent and rapid adjustments to address shifting solar and wind production. This requires increasingly sophisticated industrial control systems (ICS). But, that also increases the potential risks from cyber-attacks. Despite increasing attention to technical aspects (i.e., software and hardware) of cybersecurity, many professionals and scholars pay little or no attention to its organizational aspects, particularly to stakeholders’ perceptions of the status of cybersecurity within organizations. Given that cybersecurity decisions and policies are mainly made based on stakeholders’ perceived needs and security views, it is critical to measure such perceptions. In this paper, we introduce a methodology for analyzing differences in perceptions of cybersecurity among organizational stakeholders. To measure these perceptions, we first designed House of Security (HoS) as a framework that includes eight constructs of security: confidentiality, integrity, availability, technology resources, financial resources, business strategy, policy and procedures, and culture. We then developed a survey instrument to analyze stakeholders’ perceptions based on these eight constructs. In a pilot study, we used the survey with people in various functional areas and levels of management in two energy and ICS organizations, and conducted a gap analysis to uncover differences in cybersecurity perceptions. This paper introduces the HoS and describes the survey instrument, as well as some of the preliminary findings.

Several studies have examined the challenges affecting the smooth implementation of inclusive education; focusing on resource inadequacies. However, these studies primarily relied on descriptive statistics: describing resource availability but not assessing their impact on policy implementation. The current study addresses this gap by analysing the extent of critical resource supply for implementing inclusive education and its influence on policy implementation. A descriptive survey design was adopted, targeting 281 principals from public secondary schools across three educational zones in Cross River State. Stratified proportionate sampling was used in selecting 120 principals as the sample. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire with an acceptable validity and a reliability indices. Descriptive statistics were used to answer the research questions, and Simple and multiple linear regression were used to test the hypotheses at the .05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed low supply levels of physical, human, and financial resources for implementing inclusive education in secondary schools. The extent of inclusive education implementation was also found to be low. The study further indicated that the supply of physical, human, and financial resources collectively affected policy implementation, with physical resources having a greater impact. These results have practical implications for the government and stakeholders; emphasising the need for adequate physical, human, and financial resources to implement inclusive education in secondary schools. Received: 9 July 2023 / Accepted: 23 August 2023 / Published: 5 September 2023

An investigation of key competitiveness indicators and drivers of full-service airlines using Delphi and AHP techniques

This chapter discusses the implication of the COVID-19 pandemic on the United Kingdom and its economy. The COVID-19 pandemic occurred when the United Kingdom was vulnerable; as it was still recovering from its exit from the European Union, and attempting to resolve several ongoing issues over the devolved nations, especially Scotland and Northern Ireland. In March 2020, the United Kingdom entered into a nationwide lockdown. By mid-March, certain discrepancies in the approaches had been noted. This chapter aims to present an overview of the United Kingdom before the COVID-19 pandemic together with policy projections made at the time. As this chapter discusses, the policy contrasted with a neoliberal approach in several ways; specifically, the chapter considers the approach concerning surveillance, data and marketisation. Thereafter, this chapter highlights the areas of policy that are most prominent in the United Kingdom context: economic growth, health and education. The main focus is on identifying how the limits of political autonomy, neoliberal logic and inequalities have been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Factors Associated with Knowledge of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Among Older Chinese Americans