Escher's word-puzzle designs

This study first examines the current status of imported luxury brands, which account for an absolute portion of sales in department stores due to their continuous growth, and based on this, attempts to identify differences in preference for each imported luxury brands that currently occupy a major position in department stores. Second, the effect of preference for imported luxury brands in department stores on the evaluation of store attributes of department stores, and finally, the effect on store loyalty. This is to investigate the practical effects of imported luxury brands that department stores fully concentrate to introduce on department stores. In addition, by examining the influence of each imported luxury brands in department stores, so far, only the size of sales or efficiency. We would like to suggest a new method for the specific contribution to imported luxury brands that have been evaluated. Through this, we intend to suggest a rational strategy for the indiscriminate competition for imported luxury brands in domestic department stores and help set priorities for brand introduction.
 The research study collected 170 responses from May 15 to June 12, 2022, and conducted SPSS v. The data collected through the 21.0 statistics package program were statistically processed.
 Research Results: First, among imported luxury brands in major department stores in Korea, the most preferred by consumers were Hermes, Louis Vuitton, Chanel, and Gucci…. appeared in order. Second, the preference of imported luxury brands for all survey subjects had a positive effect on the evaluation of store attributes and loyalty to department stores. Third, imported luxury brands in department stores had a positive influence on the evaluation of department store attributes. As a result, it was confirmed that the higher the store attribute evaluation according to the imported luxury brand make the higher the loyalty to the department store. Currently, when introducing imported luxury brands in department stores, it suggests a strategy that can consider priorities according to consumer preferences, and at the same time suggests that imported luxury brands are an important factor in enhancing department store attributes and loyalty to department stores.

This research examines the impact of brand personality dimensions on store attitude and store loyaltyfor department stores. A total of 431 customers participated in the online survey. The participants were wo-men in their 20's to 50's with experience of purchasing apparel from four major department stores. Thedata were analyzed using factor analysis, reliability test, and structural equation modeling with PASW 18.0and AMOS 18.0. Analyses revealed three dimensions of the brand personality of department stores: pre-stige, passion, and sincerity. Among the three dimensions of brand personality, ‘passion’ and ‘sincerity’were shown to be the most influential factors affecting department store attitude. The results suggest thatpassionate and sincere customers tend to exhibit favorable store attitudes. Customers with more favorablestore attitudes then are more likely to express great store loyalty than those with less favorable attitudes.An analysis of the effect of brand personality on attitudes toward department stores provides implicationsfor department store brand management strategies.Key words: Brand personality, Department store, Store attitude, Store loyalty; 브랜드 개성, 백화점, 점포태도, 점포충성도

This paper examines the fashion business by focusing on the entrepreneurship of a Japanese wholesales merchant Inanishi & Co. in the 1920s in order to demonstrate the dynamism of the creation of fashion. Inanishi played a central role in making season colors and designs using the silk textile “Meisen,” which was one of the first leading commodities accepted by the masses in Japan.In the late 1910s department stores in Japan enjoyed increased bargaining power in the consumer market. Against the backdrop of this power they decreased the volume of trade with wholesalers while starting to deal directly with the silk textile producers. The reason for this shift was to increase the number of sales promotions and shift their strategy to fit the mass market. For that purpose they made use of Meisen.Inanishi was deeply concerned about their weakening power as a middleman and wanted to find a place for themselves in business relations with department stores. As the Meisen market expanded from the late 1910s, Inanishi noticed that achieving both product differentiation and mass production had become the new business challenge for the textile industry in the 1920s.Inanishi designed a unique fashion creation system by utilizing both silk textile producers and department stores. Inanishi tried to survive by collecting fashion information from major department stores, and then spreading it to silk textile producers by publishing the monthly magazine “Sensyoku-no-Ryuko” and organizing a textile fair twice a year. By getting information from these two channels, producers may also have been attempting to decrease the uncertainty in the distribution process. As a result of complicated interaction between the department stores, the wholesalers and the silk textile producers, the fashion creation and diffusion system was constructed.

Recently, the consumption environment has been in many difficulties, such as shrinking consumer sentiment. Accordingly, major department stores in Korea are seeking strategies for a new sales environment. It is actively coping with changes in the consumption environment through new stores. This study examines from the perspective of visual merchandising, which is a means of promoting sales in the retail industry. The purpose of the study is to compare and analyze from a marketing perspective and to differentiate through visual merchandising. The research method finds a case of sales space that is developing space marketing as a means of visual merchandising. We look at the department store, a complex cultural space that provides various services along with product sales. In other words, the case is analyzed from the perspective of visual merchandising in the sales space that provides product sales and various services. The results of the study are as follows. First of all, the components of visual merchandising space were important in the order of EP zone, VP zone, HS zone, FP zone, PP zone, and IP zone. In addition, it was confirmed that there are many common elements in the direction and display of department stores. For example, there were no differentiated elements for each zoning, and the development of the overall concept, including the common part, could not be found to be unique. However, in a new attempt according to the concept, there were also positive aspects such as the expansion of eco-friendly spaces and customer spaces using green plants. In the end, from the perspective of visual merchandising, it was confirmed that domestic department stores had more common elements than differentiation. This, on the contrary, will be an opportunity to differentiate the sales environment. It is necessary to provide a differentiated sales environment through visual merchandising based on consumer sense and experience.

Department stores offer extensive product assortments and services to diverse consumer populations under one roof. Determining which attributes (cues) are important to and used by consumers to evaluate product assortment are essential in planning popular product assortment, that will ultimately lead to consumer patronage of the store. By adding and combining the right diagnostic intrinsic/extrinsic cues in a product assortment; the consumers’ overall anticipated identification costs (i.e. the costs of the process to establish the character of each alternative in the assortment) are lowered (Herpen & Pieters, 2007). Specific study objectives were to determine the priority ranking of diagnostic a) intrinsic cues (i.e. style, colour, size and quality) and b) extrinsic cues (i.e. price, brand, store image and store name) that are used by female consumers to evaluate work wear product assortment in department stores.

Based on recent theories of affect and cognition, this unobtrusive field experiment predicted and found that induced positive mood improved real‐life customer service behaviors by less experienced sales staff, but had no effect on the behaviors of experienced long‐term staff in several department stores. Positive or negative mood was unobtrusively induced in sales staff in major department stores by a confederate. A second confederate, blind to the mood induction, then asked employees for help to locate a non‐existent item. The frequency and duration of helpful behaviors in response to the request was recorded. Consistent with Forgas' Affect Infusion Model (AIM), less experienced employees showed a significant mood‐congruent pattern in their responses helping more in a positive than in a negative mood. Long‐term employees who could rely on routine, direct access processing were not influenced by the mood induction. The implications of these findings for contemporary affect‐cognition theorizing and for everyday affective influences on interpersonal behaviors and customer service delivery are considered. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Reviewed by: The Regal Theater and Black Culture Rena Fraden Clovis E. Semmes. The Regal Theater and Black Culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. Pp. 294. $69.95. Clovis E. Semmes, the author of The Regal Theater and Black Culture, is a sociologist by training. His other publications include Cultural Hegemony and African American Development; Racism, Health, and Post-Industrialism: A Theory of African-American Health; and Roots of Afrocentric Thought: A Reference Guide to Negro Digest/Black World, 1961–1976. The frame for his work on culture and on the Regal Theater in particular is a version of Afrocentrism in which he assumes a pure strain of racial culture and then traces out its appropriation by what he calls “hegemonic culture”—in this case a racialized white culture. W. E. B. Du Bois’s famous statement that theater ought to be created “of, by, for, and near” blacks is thus the benchmark by which Semmes judges the value of this cultural enterprise. The Regal Theater was created for the black community, located within the black community, patronized by the black community, but not altogether controlled by blacks. And therein lies the rub for race critics. Can such a cultural enterprise exist? Spanning the years 1928 to 1968, the Regal Theater’s history provides Professor Semmes with a great historical test case about the limits of cultural ownership in a society where “urbanization and ghettoization [are] … the most important socializing forces for Black Americans” (2). To connect these histories—the aesthetic and the sociological—makes for a rich and complex history. Semmes claims that The Regal Theater, which opened 4 February 1928 at 4719 South Parkway, currently Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, “was the greatest movie-stage-show venue in the United States ever constructed to specifically service a major African American community” (1). The theater was part of a whole neighborhood complex, the successful Forty-seventh Street business district, owned by a group of white businessmen who saw an opportunity to establish businesses catering to the burgeoning black community of Chicago’s South Side. Chicago had a tradition in which theater palaces were built in neighborhoods and the Engelstein brothers, with other businessmen, decided to locate not only a theater, but also a grand dance hall, the Savoy Ballroom, and a department store, the South Center Department Store, at the fringe of a growing black [End Page 231] neighborhood. There were a lot of “firsts” attending this new complex. It was the first major department store in the country to employ blacks as sales personnel. It was the first theater to hire black ushers. And it was the most lavishly complex built for a black community. The theater itself was grand. It could seat three thousand, almost twice the number of the Apollo in Harlem. The lobby was 160 feet tall and could accommodate fifteen hundred people at one time. There were marble floors, silks from the Orient, chandeliers from Belgium, and Moroccan leather-covered seats (3). The theater employed a choreographer, housed an organ, its own chorus line, and sixty-five front-house personnel. There were three to four stage shows daily and a first-run movie accompanied each show. The prices were not cheap (for adults and children, respectively: thirty cents/fifteen cents for matinees; fifty/twenty cents in the evenings; sixty-five/twenty-five for Saturday, Sunday, and holidays), but the audiences were mixed, the poor and the better off (4). Semmes exhaustively lists the performers of the live stage shows. From Duke Ellington to Aretha Franklin, the most acclaimed black talent played the Regal. As a local institution, especially in its earlier years, the Regal employed many Chicago-based artists, and Semmes claims that because the audience was black, the theater “contributed to the maintenance of an authentic Black culture because performers, Black or non-Black, had to meet the aesthetic demands and norms of Black audiences” (8). But he also shows how the tastes of this audience were influenced by other cultural movements that cannot be solely described as black. Influenced by new technology and means of distribution, in particular, records and radio, cultural tastes shifted for blacks and whites over the forty- year...

This essay explores the emergence of new forms of retail in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Bombay, an era which saw the development of new shopping districts, department stores, showrooms, and retail culture in the city. In a city known for its market density and commercial vibrancy, elite retailers tried to reach out to consumers in new ways, enticing them in from the street with window displays, standardized product lines, and novel assemblages of goods, while also contacting consumers directly through catalogues, flyers, designs sent on request, and home deliveries. Focusing on major department stores like the Army and Navy Stores and Whiteaway Laidlaw, major nationalist concerns like the Bombay Swadeshi Store and Godrej and Boyce, as well as smaller showrooms featuring fewer ranges of goods, the essay argues that novel retail strategies efforts helped to shape not just how things were sold but what was desired in Bombay—noting in particular how efforts to sell domestic furnishings promoted new ideas about what the home should be.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of occupational stress and psychosocial stress to health promotion behaviors depending on characteristics of female office workers and emotional labor workers for sales. Methods: A survey of 207 female service workers engaging in sales of cosmetics in major department stores and 149 females working in the offices of cosmetics companies was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: It showed a significant difference in job demand and insufficient job control which are sub-domains of stress. The percentage of emotional laborers exposed to a high risk of psychosocial stress was higher than office workers. In office workers, occupational stress stemmed from insufficient job control and low reward of work was significantly related to psychosocial stress. But in emotional labor workers, stress from job insecurity, and organizational system were added. The relevant factors that affect health promotion behaviors were type of occupational stress, psychosocial stress, marital status, educational level and working career. Conclusions: Occupational stress and psychosocial stress were closely associated with health promotion behaviors. It was suggested that the development of health promotion programs which reduce the stress in female office and emotional labor workers.

In 1937, George moves to a larger studio with an office and two darkrooms. He maintains boxes painted white to pose models and a taxidermy collection for his mythology series. Dora Maxwell becomes his capable secretary/office manager, as well as an excellent darkroom printer. Without air conditioning, in summer large blocks of ice barely cool models wilting under high-wattage lights. Jukebox music keeps up everyone’s spirits. GPL has steady commercial accounts with major department stores, his photos regularly appearing in top fashion magazines. He befriends designer Muriel King, through whom he photographs Katharine Hepburn. His favored models include Laurie “Dougie” Douglas, Liz Gibbons, and Lisa Fonssagrives. All esteem George for the sureness of his methods and his personal allure. His best mythology pictures, like Actaeon, compress fantastical narrative elements into pictorial terms. In 1938, Monroe becomes MOMA’s director of membership, and he, George, Lloyd, and Barbara join his work vacation touring Mexico.

This article links motorbike use with the work and living conditions of young migrant women in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) to highlight an example of the social and economic consequences of migration-assisted economic development in Southeast Asia. It traces a woman's life from her teenage years in the market of a small seaside town in Vietnam to her purchase of a motorbike, migration to HCMC, move into a rooming house, and work in a major department store as a cosmetics saleswoman. The reflections on urban life by the woman and her roommates lead the author to consider the notion that the condition of the unregistered and temporary migrant is like that of the unrequited wandering ghosts (co hon), which are said to invisibly roam the city's streets. While the author details the political economy of marginalization that situates the migrant saleswoman, he also shows how she struggles within it to constitute herself over time rather than in the present and to free herself from abstraction-producing social categories, both old and new.

Changes in the frequency of shopping trips in response to a congestion charge

The zero marketing cost proposition: More new patients at no cost

· Book Reviews' 121 Out of Egypt: A Memoir, by Andre Aciman. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1994. 340 pp. $20.00. Most historians of the modem Arab world, like myself, are accustomed to work with archival data and engage in field work. Those of us who also examine a memoir that blends prose with historical testimony may feel they are either caught in a complex web of incomprehensible literary gibberish or undergoing a most gratifying learning experience. Andre Aciman's memoir is most certainly gratifying. It is about the author's life in Alexandria during the 1950s and 1960s, in the era of Nasser and the Arab-Israeli conflict: the fmal days ofcolonialism in the Arab world. This was a time when strong currents ofxenophobia were directed at the "exploiters ofthe past"-foreigners, Jews, Christian minorities. Under the cover ofelegant and witty prose Aciman chronicles the life ofa Sephardi Jewish family imbued in Ottoman, Ladino, Italian, and French culture, a family whose members were endowed with different nationality status as was frequently the case in Sephardi families that entered Egypt a'fier the third quarter of the nineteenth century. His book is laced with data that is vital for historians, sociologists, and anthropologists, not merely of the Jews of Egypt but also of their relations with other communities: Muslim, Greek, Armenian, European. Set in Alexandria, the memoir is reminiscent of chronicles on similar Jewish communities I read, such as cosmopolitan Tangier. Like Moroccan Tangier, with its French- and Spanish-named boulevards and its multi-cultural school system, Alexandria was populated by diverse multilingual nationals, among them Jews, who at one time or another enjoyed the protection offoreign consuls, affected the local real estate market, and owned major department stores, banks, and houses of commerce. Like the noted Pariente, Pino, Toledano, Hasan, and Laredo families ofpre-1956 Tangier, Alexandria had its Sephardi and Italian Jewish counterparts, among them Aghion, Rolo, and de Menasce. Aciman's Alexandrian family is portrayed in the memoir as well established and flamboyant, one whose leading members-Uncle ViIi, a former Italian fascist, two domineering grandmothers, the "Princess" and the "Saint," the father, Aunt Elsa, Uncle Isaac, Uncle Nessim-were true daredevils. The family and its Egyptian servants appeared to have coexisted quite happily, as did most Alexandrian Jews with their nonJewish neighbors, Christians and Muslims, despite the evidence of certain communal tensions, mutual ethnic suspicions, and the growing xenophobic tendencies among Muslims. The central point in Aciman's saga is his family's fmding its Alexandrian dream crumbling during and subsequent to the Sinai/Suez War ofOctober-November 1956. Though mostly concentrating on his family, the main threads weaving through Aciman's book are themes pertaining to Jewish and other minority communities' self- 122 SHOFAR Summer 1997 Vol. 15, No.4 liquidation process in face of Nasser's Pan-Arab, antisemitic, anti-Zionist and antiWestern manifestations: the need to smuggle liquid assets out of the country; the disintegration of a city's complex cosmopolitan culture with the emergence of Egyptianization and cultural Arabization; the expulsion of Jews and foreigners in the push for national homogeneity; sequestration/nationalization of immovable.assets and freezing of bank accounts; and the feeling among Jews that government secret police agents and informants violated their privacy. In my own research I, too, found similar evidence as to the regime's attitude vis-a-vis the Jews. (See Chapter 8 in Michael M. Laskier, The Jews ofEgypt: 1920-197D-In the Midst ofZionism, Antisemitism and the Middle East Conflict, New York University Press, 1992.) Regardless oftheir Eurocentric tendencies, many Jews did not make the decision to leave Egypt because of disenchantment with the local milieu. They left reluctantly in light of the regime's measures to deprive them of their dignity and assets. True, ordinary Egyptians occasionally manifested contempt toward the Jews after the 1950s, as Acirnan confIrms when he and his uncle Isaac encountered anti-Jewish slurs from Alexandrian Muslim youths after the Suez War (p. 183). Aciman demonstrates, however, that the Muslims were basically tolerant, but under Nasser were prodded by the authorities to manifest displeasure with the Jews and other "non-patriotic" elements. The regime's propaganda against Europeans and...

The objective of this research was to assess whether the open‐to‐buy (OTB) system allows retail buyers to attain sales and profit objectives and thus obtain the bonuses available for budget attainment. The research used data from both Australia and New Zealand together with specific information from a major department store. Concludes with a recommendation that the traditional OTB system is in need of a major review and outlines specific recommendations.